Published in:
Open Access
01-12-2013 | Research
Anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic
effects of a small molecule, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal in Tg2576 Alzheimer’s
disease mice model
Authors:
Peng Jin, Jin-A Kim, Dong-Young Choi, Young-Jung Lee, Heon Sang Jung, Jin Tae Hong
Published in:
Journal of Neuroinflammation
|
Issue 1/2013
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Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by excessive
accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils within the brain and activation of
astrocytes and microglial cells. In this study, we examined anti-inflammatory
and anti-amyloidogenic effects of 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242),
an anti-inflammatory compound produced by the tyrosine-fructose Maillard
reaction.
Methods
12-month-old Tg2576 mice were treated with HPB242 (5 mg/kg) for 1 month and
then cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive
avoidance test. In addition, western blot analysis, Gel electromobility shift
assay, immunostaining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA and enzyme activity
assays were used to examine the degree of Aβ deposition in the brains of Tg2576
mice. The Morris water maze task was analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated
measures. Otherwise were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post
hoc test.
Results
Treatment of HPB242 (5 mg/kg for 1 month) significantly attenuated cognitive
impairments in Tg2576 transgenic mice. HPB242 also prevented amyloidogenesis in
Tg2576 transgenic mice brains. This can be evidenced by Aβ accumulation, BACE1,
APP and C99 expression and β-secretase activity. In addition, HPB242 suppresses
the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2
(COX-2) as well as activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. Furthermore,
activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator
of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) in the brain was potently inhibited by
HPB242.
Conclusions
Thus, these results suggest that HPB242 might be useful to intervene in
development or progression of neurodegeneration in AD through its
anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects.