Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2010

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Research article

Characterization of differential properties of rabbit tendon stem cells and tenocytes

Authors: Jianying Zhang, James H-C Wang

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Tendons are traditionally thought to consist of tenocytes only, the resident cells of tendons; however, a recent study has demonstrated that human and mouse tendons also contain stem cells, referred to as tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSCs). However, the differential properties of TSCs and tenocytes remain largely undefined. This study aims to characterize the properties of these tendon cells derived from rabbits.

Methods

TSCs and tenocytes were isolated from patellar and Achilles tendons of rabbits. The differentiation potential and cell marker expression of the two types of cells were examined using histochemical, immunohistochemical, and qRT-PCR analysis as well as in vivo implantation. In addition, morphology, colony formation, and proliferation of TSCs and tenocytes were also compared.

Results

It was found that TSCs were able to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes in vitro, and form tendon-like, cartilage-like, and bone-like tissues in vivo. In contrast, tenocytes had little such differentiation potential. Moreover, TSCs expressed the stem cell markers Oct-4, SSEA-4, and nucleostemin, whereas tenocytes expressed none of these markers. Morphologically, TSCs possessed smaller cell bodies and larger nuclei than ordinary tenocytes and had cobblestone-like morphology in confluent culture whereas tenocytes were highly elongated. TSCs also proliferated more quickly than tenocytes in culture. Additionally, TSCs from patellar tendons formed more numerous and larger colonies and proliferated more rapidly than TSCs from Achilles tendons.

Conclusions

TSCs exhibit distinct properties compared to tenocytes, including differences in cell marker expression, proliferative and differentiation potential, and cell morphology in culture. Future research should investigate the mechanobiology of TSCs and explore the possibility of using TSCs to more effectively repair or regenerate injured tendons.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Khan KM, Maffuli N: Tendinopathy: an Achilles' heel for athletes and clinicians. Clin J Sport Med. 1998, 8: 151-154.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Maffulli N, Khan KM, Puddu G: Overuse tendon conditions: time to change a confusing terminology. Arthroscopy. 1998, 14 (8): 840-843.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Butler DL, Juncosa-Melvin N, Boivin GP, Galloway MT, Shearn JT, Gooch C, Awad H: Functional tissue engineering for tendon repair: A multidisciplinary strategy using mesenchymal stem cells, bioscaffolds, and mechanical stimulation. J Orthop Res. 2008, 26 (1): 1-9. 10.1002/jor.20456.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Dennis JE, Carbillet JP, Caplan AI, Charbord P: The STRO-1+ marrow cell population is multipotential. Cells Tissues Organs. 2002, 170 (2-3): 73-82. 10.1159/000046182.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Bajada S, Mazakova I, Richardson JB, Ashammakhi N: Updates on stem cells and their applications in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2008, 2 (4): 169-183. 10.1002/term.83.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Harris MT, Butler DL, Boivin GP, Florer JB, Schantz EJ, Wenstrup RJ: Mesenchymal stem cells used for rabbit tendon repair can form ectopic bone and express alkaline phosphatase activity in constructs. J Orthop Res. 2004, 22 (5): 998-1003. 10.1016/j.orthres.2004.02.012.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Liu W, Chen B, Deng D, Xu F, Cui L, Cao Y: Repair of tendon defect with dermal fibroblast engineered tendon in a porcine model. Tissue Eng. 2006, 12 (4): 775-788. 10.1089/ten.2006.12.775.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Cao Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Shan Q, Buonocore SD, Cui L: Bridging tendon defects using autologous tenocyte engineered tendon in a hen model. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002, 110 (5): 1280-1289. 10.1097/00006534-200210000-00011.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Bi Y, Ehirchiou D, Kilts TM, Inkson CA, Embree MC, Sonoyama W, Li L, Leet AI, Seo BM, Zhang L: Identification of tendon stem/progenitor cells and the role of the extracellular matrix in their niche. Nat Med. 2007, 13 (10): 1219-1227. 10.1038/nm1630.CrossRefPubMed
10.
de Mos M, Koevoet WJ, Jahr H, Verstegen MM, Heijboer MP, Kops N, van Leeuwen JP, Weinans H, Verhaar JA, van Osch GJ: Intrinsic differentiation potential of adolescent human tendon tissue: an in-vitro cell differentiation study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007, 8: 16-27. 10.1186/1471-2474-8-16.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Carlstedt CA, Madsen K, Wredmark T: Biomechanical and biochemical studies of tendon healing after conservative and surgical treatment. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1986, 105 (4): 211-215. 10.1007/BF00435482.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Sharma P, Maffulli N: Tendon injury and tendinopathy: healing and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005, 87 (1): 187-202. 10.2106/JBJS.D.01850.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Claus R, Lacorn M, Welter H, Lekhkota O, Messe N, Wagner A, Bergmann M: Expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase 2 in Sertoli cells of boar testes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007, 272 (1-2): 86-92. 10.1016/j.mce.2007.04.010.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Emans PJ, Spaapen F, Surtel DA, Reilly KM, Cremers A, van Rhijn LW, Bulstra SK, Voncken JW, Kuijer R: A novel in vivo model to study endochondral bone formation; HIF-1alpha activation and BMP expression. Bone. 2007, 40 (2): 409-418. 10.1016/j.bone.2006.08.005.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zhao SP, Dong SZ: Effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha on cholesterol efflux in adipocytes. Clin Chim Acta. 2008, 389 (1-2): 67-71. 10.1016/j.cca.2007.11.025.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Rosen ED, Walkey CJ, Puigserver P, Spiegelman BM: Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis. Genes Dev. 2000, 14 (11): 1293-1307.PubMed
17.
Kannus P, Jozsa L: Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991, 73 (10): 1507-1525.PubMed
18.
Almekinders LC, Banes AJ, Ballenger CA: Effects of repetitive motion on human fibroblasts. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1993, 25 (5): 603-607. 10.1249/00005768-199305000-00012.CrossRef
19.
Tsuzaki M, Bynum D, Almekinders L, Yang X, Faber J, Banes AJ: ATP modulates load-inducible IL-1beta, COX 2, and MMP-3 gene expression in human tendon cells. J Cell Biochem. 2003, 89 (3): 556-562. 10.1002/jcb.10534.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Wang JH, Jia F, Yang G, Yang S, Campbell BH, Stone D, Woo SL: Cyclic mechanical stretching of human tendon fibroblasts increases the production of prostaglandin E2 and levels of cyclooxygenase expression: a novel in vitro model study. Connect Tissue Res. 2003, 44 (3-4): 128-133. 10.1080/03008200390223909.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Riley G: The pathogenesis of tendinopathy. A molecular perspective. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004, 43 (2): 131-142. 10.1093/rheumatology/keg448.CrossRef
22.
Donovan PJ: High Oct-ane fuel powers the stem cell. Nat Genet. 2001, 29 (3): 246-247. 10.1038/ng1101-246.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Goolsby J, Marty MC, Heletz D, Chiappelli J, Tashko G, Yarnell D, Fishman PS, Dhib-Jalbut S, Bever CT, Pessac B: Hematopoietic progenitors express neural genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100 (25): 14926-14931. 10.1073/pnas.2434383100.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
D'Ippolito G, Diabira S, Howard GA, Menei P, Roos BA, Schiller PC: Marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells, a unique population of postnatal young and old human cells with extensive expansion and differentiation potential. J Cell Sci. 2004, 117 (Pt 14): 2971-2981. 10.1242/jcs.01103.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Lamoury FM, Croitoru-Lamoury J, Brew BJ: Undifferentiated mouse mesenchymal stem cells spontaneously express neural and stem cell markers Oct-4 and Rex-1. Cytotherapy. 2006, 8 (3): 228-242. 10.1080/14653240600735875.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Andrews PW, Goodfellow PN, Shevinsky LH, Bronson DL, Knowles BB: Cell-surface antigens of a clonal human embryonal carcinoma cell line: morphological and antigenic differentiation in culture. Int J Cancer. 1982, 29 (5): 523-531. 10.1002/ijc.2910290507.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Henderson JK, Draper JS, Baillie HS, Fishel S, Thomson JA, Moore H, Andrews PW: Preimplantation human embryos and embryonic stem cells show comparable expression of stage-specific embryonic antigens. Stem Cells. 2002, 20 (4): 329-337. 10.1634/stemcells.20-4-329.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Tsai RY, McKay RD: A nucleolar mechanism controlling cell proliferation in stem cells and cancer cells. Genes Dev. 2002, 16 (23): 2991-3003. 10.1101/gad.55671.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Banes AJ, Donlon K, Link GW, Gillespie Y, Bevin AG, Peterson HD, Bynum D, Watts S, Dahners L: Cell populations of tendon: a simplified method for isolation of synovial cells and internal fibroblasts: confirmation of origin and biologic properties. J Orthop Res. 1988, 6 (1): 83-94. 10.1002/jor.1100060111.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Salingcarnboriboon R, Yoshitake H, Tsuji K, Obinata M, Amagasa T, Nifuji A, Noda M: Establishment of tendon-derived cell lines exhibiting pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell-like property. Exp Cell Res. 2003, 287 (2): 289-300. 10.1016/S0014-4827(03)00107-1.CrossRefPubMed
31.
da Silva Meirelles L, Chagastelles PC, Nardi NB: Mesenchymal stem cells reside in virtually all post-natal organs and tissues. J Cell Sci. 2006, 119 (Pt 11): 2204-2213. 10.1242/jcs.02932.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Characterization of differential properties of rabbit tendon stem cells and tenocytes
Authors
Jianying Zhang
James H-C Wang
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-11-10

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2010 Go to the issue

Research article

Dual mobility cup reduces dislocation rate after arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture

Research article

Changes in the flexion-relaxation response induced by hip extensor and erector spinae muscle fatigue

Research article

Patient relevant outcome 7 years after total hip replacement for OA - a prospective study

Research article

Impregnation of bone chips with antibiotics and storage of antibiotics at different temperatures: an in vitro study

Research article

Alterations in osteoclast function and phenotype induced by different inhibitors of bone resorption - implications for osteoclast quality

Research article

Arthroscopy vs. MRI for a detailed assessment of cartilage disease in osteoarthritis: diagnostic value of MRI in clinical practice