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BMC Infectious Diseases
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2007

Open Access 01-12-2007 | Research article

Resistance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensisto nitric oxide correlates with disease severity in Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

Authors: Angela Giudice, Ilza Camada, Paulo TG Leopoldo, Júlia MB Pereira, Lee W Riley, Mary E Wilson, John L Ho, Amelia Ribeiro de Jesus, Edgar M Carvalho, Roque P Almeida

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2007

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Abstract

Background

Nitric oxide (NO•) plays a pivotal role as a leishmanicidal agent in mouse macrophages. NO• resistant Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been associated with a severe outcome of these diseases.

Methods

In this study we evaluated the in vitro toxicity of nitric oxide for the promastigote stages of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis parasites, and the infectivity of the amastigote stage for human macrophages. Parasites were isolated from patients with cutaneous, mucosal or disseminated leishmaniasis, and NO• resistance was correlated with clinical presentation.

Results

Seventeen isolates of L. (L.) amazonensis or L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes were killed by up to 8 mM of more of NaNO2 (pH 5.0) and therefore were defined as nitric oxide-susceptible. In contrast, eleven isolates that survived exposure to 16 mM NaNO2 were defined as nitric oxide-resistant. Patients infected with nitric oxide-resistant Leishmania had significantly larger lesions than patients infected with nitric oxide-susceptible isolates. Furthermore, nitric oxide-resistant L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis multiplied significantly better in human macrophages than nitric oxide-susceptible isolates.

Conclusion

These data suggest that nitric oxide-resistance of Leishmania isolates confers a survival benefit for the parasites inside the macrophage, and possibly exacerbates the clinical course of human leishmaniasis.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Resistance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensisto nitric oxide correlates with disease severity in Tegumentary Leishmaniasis
Authors
Angela Giudice
Ilza Camada
Paulo TG Leopoldo
Júlia MB Pereira
Lee W Riley
Mary E Wilson
John L Ho
Amelia Ribeiro de Jesus
Edgar M Carvalho
Roque P Almeida
Publication date
01-12-2007
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2007
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-7-7

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