Immunophysiological Indicators in Elderly Teachers in the School-Year Dynamics

The preservation of the health of participants in the educational process and the performance of comprehensive diagnostic measures with laboratory and instrumental methods occupy a significant place in a number of biomedical studies. The goal of the present work was to study the state of cellular factors of innate and adaptive immunity, IL-1β, 1α, IFN-γ cytokines, hormones, and autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm in elderly teachers in the school-year dynamics. The indices of spectral analysis of the heart rhythm (n = 50) at the beginning of the school year (background level) and after 5 and 9 months were studied. The state of cellular factors of innate and adaptive immunity was assessed via analysis of the functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils by their ability to absorb latex particles, the oxygen-dependent metabolism, and the functional reserve. The lymphocyte-receptor landscape was assessed with flow cytofluorimetry, direct immunofluorescence, and solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The criteria of the Shapiro-Wilk test, the χ² test, the one-sided Fisher exact test, and Student’s t-test were calculated. A decrease in heart rate variability indicators characterizing the activity of the parasympathetic regulation, as well as immune homeostasis among elderly teachers in the school-year dynamics, was found, which confirms the need to implement a set of preventive measures for health maintenance.