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Sports Medicine
Published in: Sports Medicine 6/2020

01-06-2020 | Systematic Review

A Systematic Analysis of Temporal Trends in the Handgrip Strength of 2,216,320 Children and Adolescents Between 1967 and 2017

Authors: Faith L. Dooley, Tori Kaster, John S. Fitzgerald, Tanis J. Walch, Madison Annandale, Katia Ferrar, Justin J. Lang, Jordan J. Smith, Grant R. Tomkinson

Published in: Sports Medicine | Issue 6/2020

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Abstract

Objective

To estimate national and international temporal trends in handgrip strength for children and adolescents, and to examine relationships between trends in handgrip strength and trends in health-related and sociodemographic indicators.

Methods

Data were obtained through a systematic search of studies reporting temporal trends in the handgrip strength for apparently healthy 9–17-year-olds, and by examining large national fitness datasets. Temporal trends at the country–sex–age level were estimated by sample-weighted regression models relating the year of testing to mean handgrip strength. International and national trends were estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Pearson’s correlations quantified relationships between national trends in handgrip strength and national trends in health-related/sociodemographic indicators.

Results

2,216,320 children and adolescents from 13 high-, 5 upper-middle-, and 1 low-income countries/special administrative regions between 1967 and 2017 collectively showed a moderate improvement of 19.4% (95% CI 18.4–20.4) or 3.8% per decade (95% CI 3.6–4.0). The international rate of improvement progressively increased over time, with more recent values (post-2000) close to two times larger than those from the 1960s/1970s. Improvements were larger for children (9–12 years) compared to adolescents (13–17 years), and similar for boys and girls. Trends differed between countries, with relationships between national trends in handgrip strength and national trends in health-related/sociodemographic indicators negligible-to-weak and not statistically significant.

Conclusions

There has been a substantial improvement in absolute handgrip strength for children and adolescents since 1967. There is a need for improved international surveillance of handgrip strength, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to more confidently determine true international trends.

PROSPERO Registration Number

CRD42013003657.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
A Systematic Analysis of Temporal Trends in the Handgrip Strength of 2,216,320 Children and Adolescents Between 1967 and 2017
Authors
Faith L. Dooley
Tori Kaster
John S. Fitzgerald
Tanis J. Walch
Madison Annandale
Katia Ferrar
Justin J. Lang
Jordan J. Smith
Grant R. Tomkinson
Publication date
01-06-2020
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Sports Medicine / Issue 6/2020
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01265-0

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