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Open Access 01-04-2017 | Original Research Article

Cross-Sectional Associations of Objectively-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Mid-Childhood: The PANIC Study

Authors: Paul J. Collings, Kate Westgate, Juuso Väistö, Katrien Wijndaele, Andrew J. Atkin, Eero A. Haapala, Niina Lintu, Tomi Laitinen, Ulf Ekelund, Soren Brage, Timo A. Lakka

Published in: Sports Medicine | Issue 4/2017

Abstract

Background

The minimum intensity of physical activity (PA) that is associated with favourable body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unknown.

Objective

To investigate cross-sectional associations of PA and sedentary time (ST) with body composition and CRF in mid-childhood.

Methods

PA, ST, body composition and CRF were measured in a population-based sample of 410 children (aged 7.6 ± 0.4 years). Combined heart-rate and movement sensing provided estimates of PA energy expenditure (PAEE, kJ/kg/day) and time (min/day) at multiple fine-grained metabolic equivalent (MET) levels, which were also collapsed to ST and light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA). Fat mass index (FMI, kg/m²), trunk fat mass index (TFMI, kg/m²) and fat-free mass index (FFMI, kg/m^2.5) were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal workload from a cycle ergometer test provided a measure of CRF (W/kg FFM). Linear regression and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate associations.

Results

The cumulative time above 2 METs (221 J/min/kg) was inversely associated with FMI and TFMI in both sexes (p < 0.001) whereas time spent above 3 METs was positively associated with CRF (p ≤ 0.002); CRF increased and adiposity decreased dose-dependently with increasing MET levels. ST was positively associated with FMI and TFMI (p < 0.001) but there were inverse associations between all PA categories (including LPA) and adiposity (p ≤ 0.002); the magnitude of these associations depended on the activity being displaced in isotemporal substitution models but were consistently stronger for VPA. PAEE, MPA and to a greater extent VPA, were all positively related to CRF (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

PA exceeding 2 METs is associated with lower adiposity in mid-childhood, whereas PA of 3 METs is required to benefit CRF. VPA was most beneficial for fitness and fatness, from a time-for-time perspective, but displacing any lower-for-higher intensity may be an important first-order public health strategy.

Clinical trial registry number (website): NCT01803776 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01803776).

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Title: Cross-Sectional Associations of Objectively-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Mid-Childhood: The PANIC Study
Authors: Paul J. Collings
Kate Westgate
Juuso Väistö
Katrien Wijndaele
Andrew J. Atkin
Eero A. Haapala
Niina Lintu
Tomi Laitinen
Ulf Ekelund
Soren Brage
Timo A. Lakka
Publication date: 01-04-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Sports Medicine / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0606-x

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Cross-Sectional Associations of Objectively-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Mid-Childhood: The PANIC Study

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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