Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Sports Medicine 4/2017

01-04-2017 | Current Opinion

Keeping an Eye on Noisy Movements: On Different Approaches to Perceptual-Motor Skill Research and Training

Authors: Matt Dicks, Chris Button, Keith Davids, Jia Yi Chow, John van der Kamp

Published in: Sports Medicine | Issue 4/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Contemporary theorizing on the complementary nature of perception and action in expert performance has led to different emphases in the study of movement coordination and gaze behavior. On the one hand, coordination research has examined the role of variability in movement control, evidencing that variability facilitates individualized adaptations during both learning and performance. On the other hand, and at odds with this principle, the majority of gaze behavior studies have tended to average data over participants and trials, proposing the importance of universal ‘optimal’ gaze patterns in a given task, for all performers, irrespective of stage of learning. In this article, we discuss new lines of inquiry with the aim of reconciling these two distinct approaches. We consider the role of inter- and intra-individual variability in gaze behaviors and suggest directions for future research.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Aglioti SM, Cesari P, Romani M, et al. Action anticipation and motor resonance in elite baskbetball players. Nat Neurosci. 2008;11(9):1109–16.CrossRefPubMed Aglioti SM, Cesari P, Romani M, et al. Action anticipation and motor resonance in elite baskbetball players. Nat Neurosci. 2008;11(9):1109–16.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Chemero A. Radical embodied cognitive science. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2009. Chemero A. Radical embodied cognitive science. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2009.
3.
go back to reference Davids K, Bennett S, Newell KM, editors. Movement system variability. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2006. Davids K, Bennett S, Newell KM, editors. Movement system variability. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2006.
4.
go back to reference Dicks M, Button C, Davids K. Examination of gaze behaviors under in situ and video simulation task constraints reveals differences in information pickup for perception and action. Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010;72(3):706–20. doi:10.3758/APP.72.3.706.CrossRefPubMed Dicks M, Button C, Davids K. Examination of gaze behaviors under in situ and video simulation task constraints reveals differences in information pickup for perception and action. Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010;72(3):706–20. doi:10.​3758/​APP.​72.​3.​706.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Causer J, Bennett S, Holmes PS, et al. Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(8):1599–608.CrossRefPubMed Causer J, Bennett S, Holmes PS, et al. Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(8):1599–608.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Savelsbergh GJP, van Gastel PJ, van Kampen PM. Anticipation of penalty kicking direction can be improved by directing attention through perceptual learning. Int J Sport Psychol. 2010;41(1):24–41. Savelsbergh GJP, van Gastel PJ, van Kampen PM. Anticipation of penalty kicking direction can be improved by directing attention through perceptual learning. Int J Sport Psychol. 2010;41(1):24–41.
7.
go back to reference Handford C, Davids K, Bennett S, et al. Skill acquisition in sport: some application of an evolving practice ecology. J Sports Sci. 1997;15:621–40.CrossRefPubMed Handford C, Davids K, Bennett S, et al. Skill acquisition in sport: some application of an evolving practice ecology. J Sports Sci. 1997;15:621–40.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Michaels CF, Carello C. Direct perception. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall; 1981. Michaels CF, Carello C. Direct perception. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall; 1981.
9.
go back to reference Savelsbergh GJP, Williams AM, van der Kamp J, et al. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. J Sports Sci. 2002;20(3):279–87.CrossRefPubMed Savelsbergh GJP, Williams AM, van der Kamp J, et al. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. J Sports Sci. 2002;20(3):279–87.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Dicks M, Davids K, Button C. Representative task designs for the study of perception and action in sport. Int J Sport Psychol. 2009;40(4):506–24. Dicks M, Davids K, Button C. Representative task designs for the study of perception and action in sport. Int J Sport Psychol. 2009;40(4):506–24.
11.
go back to reference Huys R, Smeeton NJ, Hodges NJ, et al. On the dynamic information underlying visual anticipation skill. Percept Psychophys. 2008;70(1):1217–34.CrossRefPubMed Huys R, Smeeton NJ, Hodges NJ, et al. On the dynamic information underlying visual anticipation skill. Percept Psychophys. 2008;70(1):1217–34.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Vickers JN. Visual control when aiming at a far target. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1996;22(2):342–54.CrossRefPubMed Vickers JN. Visual control when aiming at a far target. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1996;22(2):342–54.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Vickers JN. Perception, cognition, and decision training: the quiet eye in action. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2007. Vickers JN. Perception, cognition, and decision training: the quiet eye in action. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2007.
17.
go back to reference Klostermann A, Kredel R, Hossner EJ. The quiet eye without a target: the primacy of visual information processing. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2013;40(6):2167–78. doi:10.1037/a0038222.CrossRef Klostermann A, Kredel R, Hossner EJ. The quiet eye without a target: the primacy of visual information processing. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2013;40(6):2167–78. doi:10.​1037/​a0038222.CrossRef
21.
22.
go back to reference Land MF. Eye movements and the control of actions in everyday life. Prof Retin Eye Res. 2006;25:296–324.CrossRef Land MF. Eye movements and the control of actions in everyday life. Prof Retin Eye Res. 2006;25:296–324.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Hayhoe M. Vision using routines: a functional account of vision. Vis Cogn. 2000;7:43–64.CrossRef Hayhoe M. Vision using routines: a functional account of vision. Vis Cogn. 2000;7:43–64.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Kanai R, Rees G. The structural basis of inter-individual differences in human behaviour and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011;12:231–42.CrossRefPubMed Kanai R, Rees G. The structural basis of inter-individual differences in human behaviour and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011;12:231–42.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Mann DTY, Williams AM, Ward P, et al. Perceptual cognitive expertise in sport: a meta-analysis. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007;29:457–78.CrossRefPubMed Mann DTY, Williams AM, Ward P, et al. Perceptual cognitive expertise in sport: a meta-analysis. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007;29:457–78.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Thelen E. Development as a dynamic system. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 1992;1(6):189–93.CrossRef Thelen E. Development as a dynamic system. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 1992;1(6):189–93.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Newell KM, Mayer-Kress G, Liu YT. Human learning: power laws or multiple characteristic time scales? Tutor Quant Methods Psychol. 2006;2(2):66–76.CrossRef Newell KM, Mayer-Kress G, Liu YT. Human learning: power laws or multiple characteristic time scales? Tutor Quant Methods Psychol. 2006;2(2):66–76.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Bernstein NA. The control and regulation of movements. London: Pergamon Press; 1967. Bernstein NA. The control and regulation of movements. London: Pergamon Press; 1967.
39.
go back to reference Chow JY, Davids K, Button C, et al. Coordination changes in a discrete multi-articular action as a function of practice. Acta Psychol. 2008;127:163–76.CrossRef Chow JY, Davids K, Button C, et al. Coordination changes in a discrete multi-articular action as a function of practice. Acta Psychol. 2008;127:163–76.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Bril B, Rein R, Nonaka T, et al. The role of expertise in tool use: skill differences in functional action adaptations to task constraints. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2010;36(4):825–39. doi:10.1037/a0018171.CrossRefPubMed Bril B, Rein R, Nonaka T, et al. The role of expertise in tool use: skill differences in functional action adaptations to task constraints. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2010;36(4):825–39. doi:10.​1037/​a0018171.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Newell KM, Liu YT, Mayer-Kress G. Learning in the brain-computer interface: insights about degrees of freedom and degeneracy from a landscape model of motor learning. Cogn Process. 2005;6:37–47.CrossRef Newell KM, Liu YT, Mayer-Kress G. Learning in the brain-computer interface: insights about degrees of freedom and degeneracy from a landscape model of motor learning. Cogn Process. 2005;6:37–47.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Brison TA, Claude A. Should common optimal movement patterns be identified as the criterion to be achieved. J Mot Behav. 1996;28(3):211–23.CrossRef Brison TA, Claude A. Should common optimal movement patterns be identified as the criterion to be achieved. J Mot Behav. 1996;28(3):211–23.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Frank TD, Michelbrink M, Beckmann H, et al. A quantitative dynamical systems approach to differential learning: self-organization principals and order parameter equations. Biol Cybern. 2008;98:19–31.CrossRefPubMed Frank TD, Michelbrink M, Beckmann H, et al. A quantitative dynamical systems approach to differential learning: self-organization principals and order parameter equations. Biol Cybern. 2008;98:19–31.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Hong SL, Newell KM. Practice effects on local and global dynamics of the ski-simulator task. Exp Brain Res. 2006;169:350–60.CrossRefPubMed Hong SL, Newell KM. Practice effects on local and global dynamics of the ski-simulator task. Exp Brain Res. 2006;169:350–60.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Royal KA, Farrow D, Mujika I, et al. The effects of fatigue on decision making and shooting skill performance in water polo players. J Sports Sci. 2006;24(8):807–15.CrossRefPubMed Royal KA, Farrow D, Mujika I, et al. The effects of fatigue on decision making and shooting skill performance in water polo players. J Sports Sci. 2006;24(8):807–15.CrossRefPubMed
48.
49.
go back to reference Croft J, Button C, Dicks M. Visual strategies of sub-elite cricket batsmen in response to different ball velocities. Hum Mov Sci. 2010;29(5):751–63.CrossRefPubMed Croft J, Button C, Dicks M. Visual strategies of sub-elite cricket batsmen in response to different ball velocities. Hum Mov Sci. 2010;29(5):751–63.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Mann DTY, Coombes SA, Mousseau MB, et al. Quiet eye and the Bereitschaftspotential: visuomotor mechanisms of expert motor performance. Cogn Process. 2011;12:223–34.CrossRefPubMed Mann DTY, Coombes SA, Mousseau MB, et al. Quiet eye and the Bereitschaftspotential: visuomotor mechanisms of expert motor performance. Cogn Process. 2011;12:223–34.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Savelsbergh GJP, van der Kamp J, Oudejans RR, et al. Perceptual learning is mastering perceptual degrees of freedom. In: Williams AM, Hodges NJ, editors. Skill acquisition in sport: research, theory and practice. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis; 2004. p. 374–389. Savelsbergh GJP, van der Kamp J, Oudejans RR, et al. Perceptual learning is mastering perceptual degrees of freedom. In: Williams AM, Hodges NJ, editors. Skill acquisition in sport: research, theory and practice. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis; 2004. p. 374–389.
54.
go back to reference de Oliveira RF, Oudejans RRD, Beek PJ. Gaze behavior in basketball shooting: further evidence for online visual control. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2008;79(3):399–404.PubMed de Oliveira RF, Oudejans RRD, Beek PJ. Gaze behavior in basketball shooting: further evidence for online visual control. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2008;79(3):399–404.PubMed
55.
go back to reference Oudejans RRD, van de Langenberg RW, Hutter RI. Aiming at a far target under different viewing conditions: visual control in basketball jump shooting. Hum Mov Sci. 2002;21:457–80.CrossRefPubMed Oudejans RRD, van de Langenberg RW, Hutter RI. Aiming at a far target under different viewing conditions: visual control in basketball jump shooting. Hum Mov Sci. 2002;21:457–80.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference de Oliveira RF, Oudejans RRD, Beek PJ. Late information pick up is preferred in basketball jump shooting. J Sports Sci. 2006;24:933–40.CrossRefPubMed de Oliveira RF, Oudejans RRD, Beek PJ. Late information pick up is preferred in basketball jump shooting. J Sports Sci. 2006;24:933–40.CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Button C, MacLeod M, Sanders R, et al. Examining movement variability in the basketball free-throw action at different skill levels. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2003;74(3):257–69.CrossRefPubMed Button C, MacLeod M, Sanders R, et al. Examining movement variability in the basketball free-throw action at different skill levels. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2003;74(3):257–69.CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Bootsma RJ, van Wieringen PCW. Timing an attacking forehand drive in table tennis. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1990;16(1):21–9.CrossRef Bootsma RJ, van Wieringen PCW. Timing an attacking forehand drive in table tennis. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1990;16(1):21–9.CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Dicks M, Button C, Davids K. Availability of advance visual information constrains association-football goalkeeping performance during penalty kicks. Perception. 2010;39:1111–24.CrossRefPubMed Dicks M, Button C, Davids K. Availability of advance visual information constrains association-football goalkeeping performance during penalty kicks. Perception. 2010;39:1111–24.CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference Navia JA, Dicks M, van der Kamp et al. Gaze control during interceptive actions with different spatiotemporal demands. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2016 (under review). Navia JA, Dicks M, van der Kamp et al. Gaze control during interceptive actions with different spatiotemporal demands. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2016 (under review).
63.
go back to reference Huet M, Jacobs DM, Camachon C, et al. The education of attention as explanation of variability of practice effects: learning the final approach phase in a flight simulator. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2011;37(6):1841–54. doi:10.1037/a0024386.CrossRefPubMed Huet M, Jacobs DM, Camachon C, et al. The education of attention as explanation of variability of practice effects: learning the final approach phase in a flight simulator. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2011;37(6):1841–54. doi:10.​1037/​a0024386.CrossRefPubMed
65.
go back to reference Dicks M, van der Kamp J, Withagen R, et al. Can we hasten expertise by video simulations? Considerations from an ecological psychology perspective. Int J Sport Psychol. 2015;45(6):109–29. doi:10.7352/IJSP2015.46.000. Dicks M, van der Kamp J, Withagen R, et al. Can we hasten expertise by video simulations? Considerations from an ecological psychology perspective. Int J Sport Psychol. 2015;45(6):109–29. doi:10.​7352/​IJSP2015.​46.​000.
Metadata
Title
Keeping an Eye on Noisy Movements: On Different Approaches to Perceptual-Motor Skill Research and Training
Authors
Matt Dicks
Chris Button
Keith Davids
Jia Yi Chow
John van der Kamp
Publication date
01-04-2017
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Sports Medicine / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0600-3

Other articles of this Issue 4/2017

Sports Medicine 4/2017 Go to the issue