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Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Published in: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2/2014

01-06-2014 | Review

Concurrent evolution of cancer cachexia and heart failure: bilateral effects exist

Authors: Seyyed M. R. Kazemi-Bajestani, Harald Becher, Konrad Fassbender, Quincy Chu, Vickie E. Baracos

Published in: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle | Issue 2/2014

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Abstract

Cancer cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome of involuntary weight loss characterized by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass and progressive functional impairment. It is postulated that cardiac dysfunction/atrophy parallels skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Cardiotoxic chemotherapy may additionally result in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in some cancer patients. Heart failure thus may be a consequence of either ongoing cachexia or chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity; at the same time, heart failure can result in cachexia, especially muscle wasting. Therefore, the subsequent heart failure and cardiac cachexia can exacerbate the existing cancer-induced cachexia. We discuss these bilateral effects between cancer cachexia and heart failure in cancer patients. Since cachectic patients are more susceptible to chemotherapy-induced toxicity overall, this may also include increased cardiotoxicity of antineoplastic agents. Patients with cachexia could thus be doubly unfortunate, with cachexia-related cardiac dysfunction/heart failure and increased susceptibility to cardiotoxicity during treatment. Cardiovascular risk factors as well as pre-existing heart failure seem to exacerbate cardiac susceptibility against cachexia and increase the rate of cardiac cachexia. Hence, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, cardiovascular risk factors, and pre-existing heart failure may accelerate the vicious cycle of cachexia-heart failure. The impact of cancer cachexia on cardiac dysfunction/heart failure in cancer patients has not been thoroughly studied. A combination of serial echocardiography for detection of cachexia-induced cardiac remodeling and computed tomography image analysis for detection of skeletal muscle wasting would appear a practical and non-invasive approach to develop an understanding of cardiac structural/functional alterations that are directly related to cachexia.
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Metadata
Title
Concurrent evolution of cancer cachexia and heart failure: bilateral effects exist
Authors
Seyyed M. R. Kazemi-Bajestani
Harald Becher
Konrad Fassbender
Quincy Chu
Vickie E. Baracos
Publication date
01-06-2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle / Issue 2/2014
Print ISSN: 2190-5991
Electronic ISSN: 2190-6009
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-014-0137-y

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