Comparison of intake of food groups between participants with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes in PURE Poland population

According to the World Health Organization, diabetes could be responsible for 1.5 mln deaths a year and prevalence of diabetes is still increasing. Improper diet is one of modifiable risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Because diabetes is a major health burden, research recognizing factors contributing to increased risk of type 2 diabetes is important. The aim of the study was conducting the comparison of intake of food groups between participants with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 diabetes of Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Poland population. Assessment of intake of food groups was conducted with the use of validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) among 1654 participants of PURE Poland—baseline (2007–2009). Assessment of the differences between groups had been performed with the use of the Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level was established to be p ≤ 0.05. Participants with IFG in comparison to participants with diabetes consumed significantly more fruit juices, beverages with added sugar, sweets, honey, and sugar. Participants with IFG in comparison with normoglycemic participants consumed significantly more refined grains, fruit juices, lean meat, and processed meat and less nuts and seeds. Participants with diabetes in comparison to normoglycemic participants consumed significantly more lean meat and processed meat and less tea and coffee, alcohol, dried fruit, honey, sugar, and nuts. Especially participants with IFG, who consumed more products of high glycemic index should be the subject of intensive counseling and other prophylactic measures to reduce the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes.