Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, lipid profile, and HbA1c in diabetic patients

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia together with biochemical changes in glucose, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants status. This study aims to assess lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects. Type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients were selected from the subjects attending OPD in Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal, for medical checkup. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), and antioxidants status (reduced glutathione and vitamin E) were estimated in both groups and were compared with healthy controls. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio was calculated to assess the cardiovascular risk factors. When type 1 diabetic patients were compared with type 2 diabetic patients, it showed statistically significant increase in the levels of HbA1c, triglycerides (TGs), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas statistically significant decreased level was found in malondialdehyde (MDA). FBS, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin E, and HDL/LDL ratio were not significant. Early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress can be used as a preventive measure for the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.