Top

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries

Published in:

01-03-2014 | Original Article

Plasma Homocysteine level and its clinical correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications

Authors: Satyendra Kumar Sonkar, Gyanendra Kumar Sonkar, Deepika Soni, Dheeraj Soni, Kauser Usman

Published in: International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Homocysteine (Hcys) has been implicated to be associated with diabetes and its complications. To study the association of plasma Hcys with diabetes complications (cardiovascular disease [CVD], cerebrovascular disease [CBVD], peripheral vascular disease [PVD], nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy). 316 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled for the study. Plasma Hcys was done by Chemiluminescence Micropart assay. Elevated plasma Hcys correlated significantly with duration of the disease, CVD, CBVD, PVD, Nephropathy, Retinopathy and Neuropathy showed significant association with abnormal plasma Hcys level. Total cholesterol and triglyceride was significantly associated with abnormal plasma Hcys level. However Hb1Ac, LDL and HDL did not show significant correlation. Plasma Hcys level can be considered as an early marker of progression of diabetes and its complications.

Bostom AG, Silbershatz H, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J, D’Agostino RB, Wolf PA, et al. Nonfasting plasma total homocysteine levels and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly Framingham men and women. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1077–80.PubMedCrossRef

Gheye S, Lakshmi AV, Krishna TP. Fibrinogen & Homocysteine level in CAD. Indian Heart J. 1999;51:499–502.PubMed

Deepa R, Velmurgan C, Saravanan G. Kartujhi, Dwarkanath V, Mohan V. Absence of association between serum homocysteine levels and coronary artery disease in South Indian males. Indian Heart J. 2001;53:44–3.PubMed

Dwivedi J, Sarkar PD. Study of oxidative stress, homocysteine, copper & zinc in nephritic syndrome: therapy with antioxidants, minerals and b-complex vitamins. J Biochem Tech. 2009;1:104–7.

Baliga BS, Reynolds T, Fink LM, Fouseca VA. Hyperhomocysteinemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: CV risk factors and effect of treatment with folic acid and pyridoxine. Endocrine Pract. 2000;6:435–41.CrossRef

Soinio M, Marniemi J, Laakso M, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T. Elevated plasma homocysteine level is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:94–100.PubMedCrossRef

Abdella N, Mojiminiyi OA, Akanji AO. Homocysteine and endogenous markers of renal function in type 2 diabetic patients without coronary heart disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2000;50:177–85.PubMedCrossRef

Abbate R, Sofi F, Brogi D, Marcucci R. Emerging risk factors for ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci. 2003;24 Suppl 1:S11–2.PubMedCrossRef

Bostom AG, Rosenberg IH, Silbershatz H, Jacques PF, Selhub J, D’agostino RB, et al. Nonfasting plasma total homocysteine levels and stroke incidence in elderly persons: the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:352–5.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Hackam DG, Anand SS. Emerging risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease: a critical review of the evidence. JAMA. 2003;290:932–40.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Ruan L, Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Xu J, Toprak A, Berenson GS. Plasma homocysteine is adversely associated with glomerular filtration rate in asymptomatic black and white young adults: the bogalusa heart study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24:315–9.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Looker HC, Fagot-Campagna A, Gunter EW, Pfeiffer CM, Narayan KM, Knowler WC, et al. Homocysteine as a risk factor for nephropathy and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2003;46:766–72.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Hwang SY, Woo CW, Au-Yeung KK, Siow YL, Zhu TY, O.K. Homocysteine stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in the kidney via nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008;294:F236-44.

14.

Coral K, Raman R, Rathi S, Rajesh M, Sulochana KN, Angayarkanni N, et al. Plasma homocysteine and total thiol content in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. Eye. 2006;20:203–7.PubMedCrossRef

15.

de Luis DA, Fernandez N, Arranz ML, Aller R, Izaola O, Romero E. Total homocysteine levels relation with chronic complications of diabetes, body composition, and other cardiovascular risk factors in a population of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. J Diabetes Complications. 2005;19:42–6.PubMedCrossRef

16.

Huang EJ, Kuo WW, Chen YJ, Chen TH, Chang MH, Lu MC, et al. Homocysteine and other biochemical parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus with different diabetic duration or diabetic retinopathy. Clin Chim Acta. 2006;366:293–8.PubMedCrossRef

17.

Fahmy E, Amer H, Rabah AM, El-Fayoumy N, Mokhtar H. Estimation of serum homocysteine level in patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy. Egypt J Neurol Psychiat Neurosurg. 2010;47:59–66.

18.

Munshi M, Stone A, Fink L, Fonseca V. Hyperhomocysteinemia following a methionine load in non-insulin dependent diabetes and microvascular disease. Metabolism. 1996;45:133–5.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Brazionis L, Rowley Sr K, Itsiopoulos C, O’Dea K. Homocysteine and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:50–6.PubMedCrossRef

20.

Shai I, Jiang R, Manson JE, Stamper MJ, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Ethnicity, obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a 20-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1585–90.PubMedCrossRef

21.

Soinio M, Marniemi J, Laakso M, Lehto S, Ronnemaa S. Elevated plasma Homocysteine level is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:94–100.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysis. BMJ. 2002;325:1202–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

23.

McIlroy SP, Dynan KB, Lawson JT, Patterson CC, Passmore AP. Moderately elevated plasma homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype, and risk for stroke, vascular dementia, and alzheimer disease in northern Ireland. Stroke. 2002;33:2351–6.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Sepulveda-Sanchez JM, Matía-Frances R, Martínez-Salio A, Gonzalez-de La Aleja-Tejera J, Rodriguez-Pena Marin M, Porta-Etessam J. Homocysteine and cerebrovascular disease. Rev Neurol 2004;38:347–58.

25.

Khandanpour N, Loke YK, Meyer FJ, Jennings B, Armon MP. Homocysteine and peripheral arterial disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;38:316–22.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Cho EH, Kim EH, Kim WG, Jeong EH, Koh EH, Lee WJ, et al. Homocysteine s a risk factor for development of Microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34:200–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

27.

Hofmann MA, Kohl B, Zumbach MS, Borcea V, Bierhaus A, Henkels M, et al. Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia and endothelial dysfunction in IDDM. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:841–8.PubMedCrossRef

28.

Buysschaert M, Dramais AS, Wallemacq PE, Hermans MP. Hyperhomocysteinemia in type 2 diabetes: relationship to macroangiopathy, nephropathy and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1816–22.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Hoogeveen EK, Kostense PJ, Beks PJ, Mackaay AJ, Jakobs C, Bouter LM, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:133–8.PubMedCrossRef

30.

Ambrosch A, Dierkes J, Lobmann R, Kuhne W, Konig W, Luley C, et al. Relation between homocysteinaemia and diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 2001;18:185–92.PubMedCrossRef

31.

Elias AN, Eng S. Homocysteine concentrations in pqtients with diabetes mellitus- relationship to microvascular and macrovascular disease. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2005;7:117–21.CrossRef

32.

Nygard O, Vollset SE, Refsum H, Stensvold I, Tverdal A, Nordrehaug JE, et al. Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The hordaland homocysteine study. JAMA. 1995;274:1526–33.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Pouwels MJ, Den Heijer M, Blom HJ, Tack CJ, Hermus AR. Improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes does not influence plasma homocysteine. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1637–9.PubMedCrossRef

Title: Plasma Homocysteine level and its clinical correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications
Authors: Satyendra Kumar Sonkar
Gyanendra Kumar Sonkar
Deepika Soni
Dheeraj Soni
Kauser Usman
Publication date: 01-03-2014
Publisher: Springer India
Published in: International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries / Issue 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0973-3930
Electronic ISSN: 1998-3832
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-013-0154-y

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Plasma Homocysteine level and its clinical correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications

Abstract

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Impact of fat distribution on metabolic, cardiovascular and symptomatic aspects in postmenopausal women

Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in ethnic minority adults living in rural Yunnan province, China

The addition of metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor to insulin for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

A comparative study of thyroid hormone levels in young diabetic and non-diabetic patients

Gestational diabetes mellitus: from thought to action

Impact of insulin resistance on contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page