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01-12-2020 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus

The association of peripheral immune markers with brain cortical thickness and surface area in South African people living with HIV

Authors: Monray Edward Williams, John A. Joska, Alyssa R. Amod, Robert H. Paul, Dan J. Stein, Jonathan C. Ipser, Petrus J.W. Naudé

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 6/2020

Abstract

A spectrum of cognitive impairments known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are consequences of the effects of HIV-1 within the central nervous system. Regardless of treatment status, an aberrant chronic neuro-immune regulation is a crucial contributor to the development of HAND. However, the extent to which inflammation affects brain structures critical for cognitive status remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine associations of peripheral immune markers with cortical thickness and surface area. Participants included 65 treatment-naïve HIV-positive individuals and 26 HIV-negative controls. Thickness and surface area of all cortical regions were derived using automated parcellation of T1-weighted images acquired at 3 T. Peripheral immune markers included C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Associations of these markers with thickness and surface area of cortical regions were evaluated. A mediation analysis examined whether associations of inflammatory markers with cognitive functioning were mediated by brain cortical thickness and surface area. After controlling for multiple comparisons, higher NGAL was associated with reduced thickness of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex in HIV-positive participants. The association of NGAL with worse motor function was mediated by cortical thickness of the bilateral orbitofrontal region. Taken together, this study suggests that NGAL plays a potential role in the neuropathophysiology of neurocognitive impairments of HIV.

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Title: The association of peripheral immune markers with brain cortical thickness and surface area in South African people living with HIV
Authors: Monray Edward Williams
John A. Joska
Alyssa R. Amod
Robert H. Paul
Dan J. Stein
Jonathan C. Ipser
Petrus J.W. Naudé
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 6/2020
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00873-w

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

The association of peripheral immune markers with brain cortical thickness and surface area in South African people living with HIV

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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