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01-10-2016

Lifetime methamphetamine dependence is associated with cerebral microgliosis in HIV-1-infected adults

Authors: Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, Anya Umlauf, Benchawanna Soontornniyomkij, Isabella B. Batki, David J. Moore, Eliezer Masliah, Cristian L. Achim

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 5/2016

Abstract

Methamphetamine (Meth) use is common among HIV-infected persons. It remains unclear whether Meth dependence is associated with long-lasting degenerative changes in the brain parenchyma and microvasculature of HIV-infected individuals. We examined the postmortem brains of 78 HIV-infected adults, twenty of whom were diagnosed with lifetime Meth dependence (18 past and two current at the final follow-up visit). Using logistic regression models, we analyzed associations of Meth with cerebral gliosis (immunohistochemistry for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in frontal, temporo-parietal, and putamen-internal capsule regions), synaptodendritic loss (confocal microscopy for synaptophysin (SYP) and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) in frontal cortex), β-amyloid plaque deposition (immunohistochemistry in frontal and temporo-parietal cortex and putamen), and arteriolosclerosis (histopathology in forebrain white matter). We found that Meth was associated with marked Iba1 gliosis in the temporo-parietal region (odds ratio, 4.42 (95 % confidence interval, 1.36, 14.39), p = 0.014, n = 62), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for HIV encephalitis, white matter lesions, and opportunistic diseases (n = 61); hepatitis C virus seropositivity (n = 54); and lifetime dependence on alcohol, opiates, and cannabis (n = 62). There was no significant association of Meth with GFAP gliosis, SYP or MAP2 loss, β-amyloid plaque deposition, or arteriolosclerosis. In conclusion, we found lifetime Meth dependence to be associated with focal cerebral microgliosis among HIV-infected adults, but not with other brain degenerative changes examined. Some of the changes in select brain regions might be reversible following extended Meth abstinence or, alternatively, might have not been induced by Meth initially.

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Title: Lifetime methamphetamine dependence is associated with cerebral microgliosis in HIV-1-infected adults
Authors: Virawudh Soontornniyomkij
Anya Umlauf
Benchawanna Soontornniyomkij
Isabella B. Batki
David J. Moore
Eliezer Masliah
Cristian L. Achim
Publication date: 01-10-2016
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 5/2016
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-016-0441-8

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Lifetime methamphetamine dependence is associated with cerebral microgliosis in HIV-1-infected adults

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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