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01-08-2014

Neural dysregulation during a working memory task in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and hepatitis C coinfected individuals

Authors: J. Z. K. Caldwell, A. Gongvatana, B. A. Navia, L. H. Sweet, K. Tashima, M. Ding, R. A. Cohen

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 4/2014

Abstract

Cognitive and functional neural correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are only partially understood at present. Variability in neural response, which has been noted in the literature, may relate to clinical factors associated with HIV, including time since HIV diagnosis, CD4 count and nadir, HIV viral load, and comorbid infectious processes, especially hepatitis C. The present investigation evaluated working memory-related functional neural activation in 26 HIV+ participants, 28 demographically matched HIV-seronegative individuals, and 8 HIV+ individuals with hepatitis C coinfection. Analyses examined impact of HIV infection duration, CD4 count and nadir, HIV viral load, and hepatitis C serostatus. Results showed that HIV-seronegative participants had fastest reaction times, and during the working memory task, HIV+ participants with hepatitis C coinfection showed strongest bias toward commission errors; however, signal detection (i.e., overall task performance) was equivalent across groups. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results showed HIV-related greater activation to an easier vigilance task and HIV-related lower activation to a more difficult working memory task, consistent with reduced cognitive reserve. Hepatitis C coinfection related to diffuse neural dysregulation. Correlational analyses suggested relationships of increasingly severe disease with poorer functioning in brain regions linked to error monitoring and attention regulation.

Participants who met substance dependence criteria at later time points (i.e., 12 or 24-month visits) were not excluded from participation. For time points most proximal to participant MRI scan, 44 % of individuals qualified for lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence (3 % proximal to MRI; no significant differences between clinical groups). Lifetime cocaine dependence was met in 42 % of participants (5 % proximal to MRI). Kruskall-Wallis tests showed significant group differences for endorsement of lifetime (χ ² = 10.143, p = 0.006) and MRI proximal cocaine dependence (χ ² = 8.345; p = 0.015; highest rates in HIV/HCV coinfected participants). Lifetime narcotic dependence was met in 15 % of participants (2 % proximal to MRI), with significant differences among clinical groups for lifetime (χ ² = 22.463, p < 0.001; highest rates in HIV/HCV coinfected participants) but not MRI proximal dependence.

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Title: Neural dysregulation during a working memory task in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and hepatitis C coinfected individuals
Authors: J. Z. K. Caldwell
A. Gongvatana
B. A. Navia
L. H. Sweet
K. Tashima
M. Ding
R. A. Cohen
Publication date: 01-08-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 4/2014
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-014-0257-3

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Neural dysregulation during a working memory task in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and hepatitis C coinfected individuals

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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