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Neurotherapeutics
Published in: Neurotherapeutics 2/2017

01-04-2017 | Review

Brain Cancer Stem Cells in Adults and Children: Cell Biology and Therapeutic Implications

Authors: Tamara J. Abou-Antoun, James S. Hale, Justin D. Lathia, Stephen M. Dombrowski

Published in: Neurotherapeutics | Issue 2/2017

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Abstract

Brain tumors represent some of the most malignant cancers in both children and adults. Current treatment options target the majority of tumor cells but do not adequately target self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have been reported to resist the most aggressive radiation and chemotherapies, and give rise to recurrent, treatment-resistant secondary malignancies. With advancing technologies, we now have a better understanding of the genetic, epigenetic and molecular signatures and microenvironmental influences which are useful in distinguishing between distinctly different tumor subtypes. As a result, efforts are now underway to identify and target CSCs within various tumor subtypes based on this foundation. This review discusses progress in CSC biology as it relates to targeted therapies which may be uniquely different between pediatric and adult brain tumors. Studies to date suggest that pediatric brain tumors may benefit more from genetic and epigenetic targeted therapies, while combination treatments aimed specifically at multiple molecular pathways may be more effective in treating adult brain tumors which seem to have a greater propensity towards microenvironmental interactions. Ultimately, CSC targeting approaches in combination with current clinical therapies have the potential to be more effective owing to their ability to compromise CSCs maintenance and the mechanisms which underlie their highly aggressive and deadly nature.
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Metadata
Title
Brain Cancer Stem Cells in Adults and Children: Cell Biology and Therapeutic Implications
Authors
Tamara J. Abou-Antoun
James S. Hale
Justin D. Lathia
Stephen M. Dombrowski
Publication date
01-04-2017
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Neurotherapeutics / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1933-7213
Electronic ISSN: 1878-7479
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-017-0524-0

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