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Neurotherapeutics
Published in: Neurotherapeutics 4/2016

Open Access 01-10-2016 | Review

Heterogeneity of B Cell Functions in Stroke-Related Risk, Prevention, Injury, and Repair

Authors: Uma Maheswari Selvaraj, Katherine Poinsatte, Vanessa Torres, Sterling B. Ortega, Ann M. Stowe

Published in: Neurotherapeutics | Issue 4/2016

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Abstract

It is well established that post-stroke inflammation contributes to neurovascular injury, blood–brain barrier disruption, and poor functional recovery in both animal and clinical studies. However, recent studies also suggest that several leukocyte subsets, activated during the post-stroke immune response, can exhibit both pro-injury and pro-recovery phenotypes. In accordance with these findings, B lymphocytes, or B cells, play a heterogeneous role in the adaptive immune response to stroke. This review highlights what is currently understood about the various roles of B cells, with an emphasis on stroke risk factors, as well as post-stroke injury and repair. This includes an overview of B cell functions, such as antibody production, cytokine secretion, and contribution to the immune response as antigen presenting cells. Next, evidence for B cell-mediated mechanisms in stroke-related risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, is outlined, followed by studies that focus on B cells during endogenous protection from stroke. Subsequently, animal studies that investigate the role of B cells in post-stroke injury and repair are summarized, and the final section describes current B cell-related clinical trials for stroke, as well as other central nervous system diseases. This review reveals the complex role of B cells in stroke, with a focus on areas for potential clinical intervention for a disease that affects millions of people globally each year.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Heterogeneity of B Cell Functions in Stroke-Related Risk, Prevention, Injury, and Repair
Authors
Uma Maheswari Selvaraj
Katherine Poinsatte
Vanessa Torres
Sterling B. Ortega
Ann M. Stowe
Publication date
01-10-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Neurotherapeutics / Issue 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1933-7213
Electronic ISSN: 1878-7479
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-016-0460-4

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