Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-11-2020 | COVID-19 | Commentary

COVID-19, Diabetes and Ramadan

Authors: Tahseen A. Chowdhury, Salman Waqar, Sufyan Hussain, Syed H. Ahmed, Ateeq Syed, Ali Karamat, Ahmed Helmy, Nazim Ghouri

Published in: Diabetes Therapy | Issue 11/2020

Excerpt

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged disease that has become a global public health emergency and has led to the implementation of extraordinary public health measures throughout the world in a short space of time [1]. At the time of writing, over a quarter of a million deaths have been reported worldwide [2]. Diabetes is a more slowly evolving pandemic, causing 4.2 million deaths worldwide in 2019 [3]. It is estimated that there are currently around 425 million people living with the condition, and a further 352 million with high risk of diabetes from impaired glucose regulation [3]. …

Munster VJ, Koopmans M, van Doremalen N, van Riel D, de Wit E. A novel coronavirus emerging in China—key questions for impact assessment. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:692–4. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2000929.CrossRefPubMed

Worldometer. COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Accessed 6 May 2020.

International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas 8th edition. 2020. https://www.idf.org/e-library/epidemiology-research/diabetes-atlas/134-idf-diabetes-atlas-8th-edition.html. Accessed 6 May 2020.

International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes and Ramadan. 2020. https://www.idf.org/our-activities/education/diabetes-and-ramadan.html. Accessed 6 May 2020.

Ghouri N, Hussain S, Mohammed R, et al. Diabetes, driving and fasting during Ramadan: the interplay between secular and religious law. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2018;6:e000520.

Salti I, Benard E, Detournay B. A population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2306–11.CrossRef

Ahmed SH, Chowdhury TA, Hussain S, et al. Ramadan and diabetes: a narrative review and practice update. Diabetes Ther. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00886-y.CrossRef

Hassanein M, Al-Arouj M, Hamdy O, et al. Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;126:303–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.003.CrossRefPubMed

Hanif W, Patel V, Ali SN, et al. The South Asian Health Foundation (UK) guidelines for managing diabetes during Ramadan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;23:108145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108145.CrossRef

10.

Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, et al. Risk factors of critical and mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;S0163–4453(20):30234–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021.CrossRef

12.

Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Yang JK, Feng Y, Yuan MY, et al. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabet Med. 2006;23:623–8.CrossRef

14.

Wang W, Chen H, Li Q, et al. Fasting plasma glucose is an independent predictor for severity of H1N1 pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:104.CrossRef

15.

Khunti K, Kumar S, Brodie J. Diabetes UK and South Asian Health Foundation recommendations on diabetes research priorities for British South Asians. Diabetes UK. 2009. https://www.diabetes.org.uk/resources-s3/2017-11/south_asian_report.pdf. Accesed 8 May 2020.

16.

Sattar N, McInnes IB, McMurray JJV. Obesity a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: multiple potential mechanisms. Circulation. 2020;142:4–6. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047659.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Almond MH, Edwards MR, Barclay WS, Johnston SL. Obesity and susceptibility to severe outcomes following respiratory viral infection. Thorax. 2013;68:684–6.CrossRef

18.

Sattar N, Ho FK, Gill JMR, et al. BMI and future risk for COVID-19 infection and death across sex, age and ethnicity: preliminary findings from UK biobank. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):1149–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.060.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Khunti K, Singh AK, Pareek M, Hanif W. Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19? BMJ. 2020;20(369):m1548. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1548.CrossRef

20.

The OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Williamson E, Walker AJ, et al. OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999v1. Accessed 26 June 2020.

21.

British Islamic Medical Association. Ramadan rapid review and recommendations. 2020. https://britishima.org/ramadan-rapid-review/. Accessed 8 May 2020.

22.

British Thoracic Society. COVID-19: information for the respiratory community. BTS. 2020. https://brit-thoracic.org.uk/about-us/covid-19-information-for-the-respiratory-community/. Accessed 8 May 2020.

23.

Renal Association. Rapid review guidance for patients intending to fast during the COVID-19 pandemic – CKD, transplants, diabetes and occupational health advice. 2020. https://renal.org/rapid-review-guidance-patients-tending-fast-covid-19-pandemic-ckd-transplants-diabetes-occupational-health-advice/Accessed. Accessed 8 May 2020..

24.

British Society of Gastroenterology. Rapid evidence review on fasting in Ramadan. BSG. 2020. https://www.bsg.org.uk/covid-19-advice/rapid-evidence-review-on-fasting-in-ramadan/. Accessed 8 May 2020.

25.

Association of British Clinical Diabetologists. COVID-19 (Coronavirus) information for healthcare professionals. ABCD. 2020. https://abcd.care/coronavirus. Accessed 8 May 2020.

26.

Royal College of General Practitioners. COVID-19 FAQs from members. RCGP. 2020. https://www.rcgp.org.uk/covid-19/covid-19-faqs.aspx. Accessed 8 May 2020.

27.

Waqar S, Ghouri N. Managing Ramadan queries in COVID-19. BJGP Open. 2020;4(2):bjgpopen20X101097. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20X101097.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Ghouri N, Gatrad R, Sattar N, Dhami S, Sheikh A. Summer-winter switching of the Ramadan fasts in people with diabetes living in temperate regions. Diabet Med. 2012;29(6):696–7.CrossRef

29.

Bravis V, Hui E, Salih S, Mehar S, Hassanein M, Devendra D. Ramadan education and awareness in diabetes (READ) programme for Muslims with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan. Diabet Med. 2010;27(3):327–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02948.x.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Pei G, Zhang Z, Peng J, et al. Renal involvement and early prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Am Soc Nephrol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020030276.CrossRef

31.

Kalin A, Mahmood A, Waqar S, et al. Is it safe for patients with COVID-19 to fast in Ramadan? Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. 2020. https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/is-it-safe-for-patients-with-covid-19-to-fast-in-ramadan/. Accessed 8 May 2020.

32.

Hanif S, Ali SN, Hassanein M, Khunti K, Hanif W. Managing people with diabetes fasting for Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic: a South Asian Health Foundation update. Diabet Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14312.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Zuo X, Zhang H, Deng A. COVID-19 infection may cause ketosis and ketoacidosis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14057.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Liu J, Li L, Li S, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14075.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Royal College of Emergency Medicine. COVID-19 safety alert, April 2020. https://www.rcem.ac.uk//docs/RCEM%20Safety%20Flash%20-%20Diabetes%20and%20Covid19%20(April%202020).pdf. Accessed 6 May 2020.

36.

Bode B, Garrett V, Messler J, et al. Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820924469.CrossRefPubMed

37.

How CB, Ming KE, Chin CK. Does religious affiliation influence glycaemic control in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Ment Health Fam Med. 2011;8(1):21–8.PubMedPubMedCentral

Title: COVID-19, Diabetes and Ramadan
Authors: Tahseen A. Chowdhury
Salman Waqar
Sufyan Hussain
Syed H. Ahmed
Ateeq Syed
Ali Karamat
Ahmed Helmy
Nazim Ghouri
Publication date: 01-11-2020
Publisher: Springer Healthcare
Keyword: COVID-19
Published in: Diabetes Therapy / Issue 11/2020
Print ISSN: 1869-6953
Electronic ISSN: 1869-6961
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00887-x

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Cardiology Video

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Watch now

Watch official videos from the ACC congress summarizing key highlights from the last year in heart failure, cardiomyopathies, valvular disease, pulmonary vascular disease, and pediatric cardiology.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Excerpt

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 11/2020

A Prospective Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Glucose Fluctuation and Cognitive Function in Type 2 Diabetes: PROPOSAL Study Protocol

Understanding the Clinical Profile of Insulin Degludec, the Latest Basal Insulin Approved for Use in Canada: a Narrative Review

Glycemic Control Following GLP-1 RA or Basal Insulin Initiation in Real-World Practice: A Retrospective, Observational, Longitudinal Cohort Study

Insulin Injection Practices in a Population of Canadians with Diabetes: An Observational Study

Periodontal Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study in Smokers and Non-Smokers

Reducing HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Using Digital Twin Technology-Enabled Precision Nutrition: A Retrospective Analysis