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Tumor Biology
Published in: Tumor Biology 5/2012

01-10-2012 | Review

Environmental factors in causing human cancers: emphasis on tumorigenesis

Authors: Umesh T. Sankpal, Hima Pius, Moeez Khan, Mohammed I. Shukoor, Pius Maliakal, Chris M. Lee, Maen Abdelrahim, Sarah F. Connelly, Riyaz Basha

Published in: Tumor Biology | Issue 5/2012

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Abstract

The environment and dietary factors play an essential role in the etiology of cancer. Environmental component is implicated in ~80 % of all cancers; however, the causes for certain cancers are still unknown. The potential players associated with various cancers include chemicals, heavy metals, diet, radiation, and smoking. Lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption, exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorines), metals and pesticides also pose risk in causing human cancers. Several studies indicated a strong association of lung cancer with the exposure to tobacco products and asbestos. The contribution of excessive sunlight, radiation, occupational exposure (e.g., painting, coal, and certain metals) is also well established in cancer. Smoking, excessive alcohol intake, consumption of an unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity can act as risk factors for cancer and also impact the prognosis. Even though the environmental disposition is linked to cancer, the level and duration of carcinogen-exposure and associated cellular and biochemical aspects determine the actual risk. Modulations in metabolism and DNA adduct formation are considered central mechanisms in environmental carcinogenesis. This review describes the major environmental contributors in causing cancer with an emphasis on molecular aspects associated with environmental disposition in carcinogenesis.
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Metadata
Title
Environmental factors in causing human cancers: emphasis on tumorigenesis
Authors
Umesh T. Sankpal
Hima Pius
Moeez Khan
Mohammed I. Shukoor
Pius Maliakal
Chris M. Lee
Maen Abdelrahim
Sarah F. Connelly
Riyaz Basha
Publication date
01-10-2012
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Tumor Biology / Issue 5/2012
Print ISSN: 1010-4283
Electronic ISSN: 1423-0380
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-012-0413-4

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