Imaging or trusting on surface anatomy? A comparison between fluoroscopic guidance and anatomic landmarks for femoral artery access in diagnostic cardiac catheterization. A randomized control trial

We performed a randomized controlled trial to test the potential benefits of fluoroscopic-guided femoral artery puncture. Observational studies showed a consistent relationship between common femoral artery (CFA) and the head of femur. Fluoroscopy locating the femoral head may increase the accuracy of femoral puncture and consequently decrease the vascular complication. Despite these theoretical benefits, we have no sufficient evidence to verify its advantages. Patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization were randomized into fluoroscopic and anatomic method groups. Of total of 609 patients participated in this study, 305 and 304 patients were assigned to fluoroscopic and anatomic method groups, respectively. Fluoroscopy significantly increases the puncture over the femoral head (96.7 vs. 82.3 %, p value 0.001) and also the fluoroscopic method increased CFA puncture significantly (93.8 vs. 87.5 %, p value 0.012). The combined end point of “proper” femoral puncture (CFA puncture over the femoral head) was highly significant in our fluoroscopy-guided method (91.8 vs. 75.7 %, p value <0.0001). Hematoma was the only vascular complication trough the study (2.6 % of patients) but no significant difference was seen between the two groups. In conclusion, our study showed the efficacy of fluoroscopy in increasing the proper femoral artery puncture, and although it did not show significant improvement in vascular complications, the method should be regard as an accurate guide for femoral access.