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Published in: Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 4/2021

01-12-2021 | Oral Cancer | Original Article

Smoking and XPC Gene Polymorphism Interact to Modulate the Risk of Oral Cancer

Authors: Kumud Nigam, Fahad M. Samadi, Saurabh Srivastava, Shadab Mohammad, Somali Sanyal

Published in: Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery | Issue 4/2021

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Abstract

Purpose

Oral cancer is the most common cancer among the Indian men and the second most common cancer among the Indian women. Such high incidence of oral cancer in India is due to consumption of tobacco in different form including smoking of cigarette. Smoke of tobacco contains different carcinogens which causes DNA damage. Such DNA damage if remain unrepaired due to faulty DNA repair system can cause mutation and eventual development of cancer.

Methodology

In the present study, we aimed to check the role of smoking as well as interaction of smoking and XPC polymorphism in risk modulation of oral cancer. Total of 372 subjects including 300 healthy controls and 72 patients of oral cancers been genotyped for the XPC PAT D/I, A/C and C/T polymorphisms with PCR based or PCR–RFLP based method. Genotype frequency was analyzed by chi-square test and strength of associations by odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

The present study showed that compared to nonsmokers, smokers are at five times higher risk to develop oral cancer (p value= 0.001, OR= 5.03, 95% CI 2.91–8.69) and three times higher risk to develop node-positive (p value= 0.01, OR= 3.66, 95% CI 1.34–9.95) oral cancer. It has also been observed that individuals who were smokers and carrier of variant allele genotypes (AC and CC) for XPC A/C polymorphism were at threefold higher risk (p value= 0.01, OR=2.97, 95% CI 1.29–6.86) to develop oral cancer compared to individual who were smokers but do not carry the C allele (AA genotype). This observation indicates that C allele of XPC A/C polymorphism interacts with smoking and significantly increases the risk of oral cancer.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a possible role of smoking and gene–smoking interaction in risk enhancement of oral cancer.
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Metadata
Title
Smoking and XPC Gene Polymorphism Interact to Modulate the Risk of Oral Cancer
Authors
Kumud Nigam
Fahad M. Samadi
Saurabh Srivastava
Shadab Mohammad
Somali Sanyal
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
Springer India
Published in
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery / Issue 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0972-8279
Electronic ISSN: 0974-942X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-020-01340-z

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