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World Journal of Pediatrics
Published in: World Journal of Pediatrics 2/2020

01-04-2020 | Streptococci | Original Article

Intestinal microbiome analysis demonstrates azithromycin post-treatment effects improve when combined with lactulose

Authors: Elpiniki Nikolaou, Elena Kamilari, Dragana Savkov, Artemy Sergeev, Irina Zakharova, Paris Vogazianos, Marios Tomazou, Athos Antoniades, Christos Shammas

Published in: World Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 2/2020

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Abstract

Background

Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized our perspective on the gut microbiome composition, revealing the true extent of the adverse effects of antibiotics. The impact of antibiotic treatment on gut microbiota must be considered and researched to provide grounds for establishing new treatment strategies that are less devastating on commensal bacteria. This study investigates the impact on gut microbiome when a commonly used antibiotic, azithromycin is administered, as well as uncovers the benefits induced when it is used in combination with lactulose, a prebiotic known to enhance the proliferation of commensal microbes.

Methods

16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of stool samples obtained from 87 children treated with azithromycin in combination with or without lactulose have been determined. Children’s gut microbial profile was established at the pre- and post-treatment stage.

Results

Azithromycin caused an increase in the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus that was evident 60 days after treatment. While few days after treatment, children who also received lactulose started to show a higher relative abundance of saccharolytic bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Anaerostipes, Blautia and Roseburia, providing a protective role against opportunistic pathogens. In addition, azithromycin-prebiotic combination was able to provide a phylogenetic profile more similar to the pre-treatment stage.

Conclusion

It is suggested that during azithromycin treatment, lactulose is able to reinstate the microbiome equilibrium much faster as it promotes saccharolytic microbes and provides a homeostatic effect that minimizes the opportunistic pathogen colonization.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Intestinal microbiome analysis demonstrates azithromycin post-treatment effects improve when combined with lactulose
Authors
Elpiniki Nikolaou
Elena Kamilari
Dragana Savkov
Artemy Sergeev
Irina Zakharova
Paris Vogazianos
Marios Tomazou
Athos Antoniades
Christos Shammas
Publication date
01-04-2020
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Published in
World Journal of Pediatrics / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 1708-8569
Electronic ISSN: 1867-0687
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-019-00315-6

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