Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Netherlands Heart Journal 6/2018

Open Access 01-06-2018 | Review Article

Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy for coronary artery disease

Authors: W. J. Kikkert, P. Damman

Published in: Netherlands Heart Journal | Issue 6/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome is a complex decision. We review current literature on standard duration DAPT versus short duration DAPT (6 months or shorter) or extended duration DAPT (>12 months) after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent placement, and prolonged treatment after 12 months in acute coronary syndrome. Current guideline recommendations are summarised, including the use of risk scores for ischaemic and bleeding risk assessment. Because of the limitations of current risk scores, we propose multiple patient-related and procedure-related factors for the ischaemic and bleeding risk assessment aiding in personalised DAPT duration.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Colombo A, Hall P, Nakamura S, et al. Intracoronary stenting without anticoagulation accomplished with intravascular ultrasound guidance. Circulation. 1995;91:1676–88.CrossRefPubMed Colombo A, Hall P, Nakamura S, et al. Intracoronary stenting without anticoagulation accomplished with intravascular ultrasound guidance. Circulation. 1995;91:1676–88.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, et al. Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. Lancet. 2004;364:1519–21.CrossRefPubMed McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, et al. Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. Lancet. 2004;364:1519–21.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Dangas GD, Serruys PW, Kereiakes DJ, et al. Meta-analysis of everolimus-eluting versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in coronary artery disease: final 3‑year results of the SPIRIT clinical trials program (Clinical Evaluation of the Xience V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Patients With De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:914–22.CrossRefPubMed Dangas GD, Serruys PW, Kereiakes DJ, et al. Meta-analysis of everolimus-eluting versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in coronary artery disease: final 3‑year results of the SPIRIT clinical trials program (Clinical Evaluation of the Xience V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Patients With De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:914–22.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Kikkert WJ, Hoebers LP, Damman P, et al. Recurrent myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:229–35.CrossRefPubMed Kikkert WJ, Hoebers LP, Damman P, et al. Recurrent myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:229–35.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Jernberg T, Hasvold P, Henriksson M, Hjelm H, Thuresson M, Janzon M. Cardiovascular risk in post-myocardial infarction patients: nationwide real world data demonstrate the importance of a long-term perspective. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1163–70.CrossRefPubMed Jernberg T, Hasvold P, Henriksson M, Hjelm H, Thuresson M, Janzon M. Cardiovascular risk in post-myocardial infarction patients: nationwide real world data demonstrate the importance of a long-term perspective. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1163–70.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Giustino G, Mehran R, Dangas GD, et al. Characterization of the average daily Ischemic and bleeding risk after primary PCI for STEMI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:1846–57.CrossRefPubMed Giustino G, Mehran R, Dangas GD, et al. Characterization of the average daily Ischemic and bleeding risk after primary PCI for STEMI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:1846–57.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Bhatt DL, Fox KAA, Hacke W, et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(16):1706–17.CrossRefPubMed Bhatt DL, Fox KAA, Hacke W, et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(16):1706–17.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, et al. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(3):213–60.CrossRef Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, et al. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(3):213–60.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Schomig A, Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, et al. A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1084–9.CrossRefPubMed Schomig A, Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, et al. A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1084–9.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Bertrand ME, Legrand V, Boland J, et al. Randomized multicenter comparison of conventional anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy in unplanned and elective coronary stenting. The full anticoagulation versus aspirin and ticlopidine (fantastic) study. Circulation. 1998;98:1597–603.CrossRefPubMed Bertrand ME, Legrand V, Boland J, et al. Randomized multicenter comparison of conventional anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy in unplanned and elective coronary stenting. The full anticoagulation versus aspirin and ticlopidine (fantastic) study. Circulation. 1998;98:1597–603.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Urban P, Macaya C, Rupprecht HJ, et al. Randomized evaluation of anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy after coronary stent implantation in high-risk patients: the multicenter aspirin and ticlopidine trial after intracoronary stenting (MATTIS). Circulation. 1998;98:2126–32.CrossRefPubMed Urban P, Macaya C, Rupprecht HJ, et al. Randomized evaluation of anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy after coronary stent implantation in high-risk patients: the multicenter aspirin and ticlopidine trial after intracoronary stenting (MATTIS). Circulation. 1998;98:2126–32.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Kim BK, Hong MK, Shin DH, et al. A new strategy for discontinuation of dual Antiplatelet therapy: the RESET trial (REal safety and efficacy of 3‑month dual antiplatelet therapy following endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent implantation). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1340–8.CrossRefPubMed Kim BK, Hong MK, Shin DH, et al. A new strategy for discontinuation of dual Antiplatelet therapy: the RESET trial (REal safety and efficacy of 3‑month dual antiplatelet therapy following endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent implantation). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1340–8.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Feres F, Costa RA, Abizaid A, et al. Three vs twelve months of dual antiplatelet therapy after zotarolimus-eluting stents: the OPTIMIZE randomized trial. JAMA. 2013;310:2510–22.PubMed Feres F, Costa RA, Abizaid A, et al. Three vs twelve months of dual antiplatelet therapy after zotarolimus-eluting stents: the OPTIMIZE randomized trial. JAMA. 2013;310:2510–22.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Gwon HC, Hahn JY, Park KW, et al. Six-month versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents: the Efficacy of Xience/Promus Versus Cypher to Reduce Late Loss After Stenting (EXCELLENT) randomized, multicenter study. Circulation. 2012;125:505–13.CrossRefPubMed Gwon HC, Hahn JY, Park KW, et al. Six-month versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents: the Efficacy of Xience/Promus Versus Cypher to Reduce Late Loss After Stenting (EXCELLENT) randomized, multicenter study. Circulation. 2012;125:505–13.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Schulz-Schüpke S, Byrne RA, ten Berg JM, et al. ISAR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 6 vs. 12 months of clopidogrel therapy after drug-eluting stenting. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1252–63.CrossRefPubMed Schulz-Schüpke S, Byrne RA, ten Berg JM, et al. ISAR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 6 vs. 12 months of clopidogrel therapy after drug-eluting stenting. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1252–63.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Colombo A, Chieffo A, Frasheri A, et al. Second-generation drug-Eluting Stent implantation followed by 6‑ versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy: the SECURITY randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:2086–97.CrossRefPubMed Colombo A, Chieffo A, Frasheri A, et al. Second-generation drug-Eluting Stent implantation followed by 6‑ versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy: the SECURITY randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:2086–97.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Giustino G, Baber U, Sartori S, et al. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:1298–310.CrossRefPubMed Giustino G, Baber U, Sartori S, et al. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:1298–310.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Palmerini T, Benedetto U, Bacchi-Reggiani L, et al. Mortality in patients treated with extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;385:2371–82.CrossRefPubMed Palmerini T, Benedetto U, Bacchi-Reggiani L, et al. Mortality in patients treated with extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;385:2371–82.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Valgimigli M, Campo G, Monti M, et al. Short- versus long-term duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: a randomized multicenter trial. Circulation. 2012;125:2015–26.CrossRefPubMed Valgimigli M, Campo G, Monti M, et al. Short- versus long-term duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: a randomized multicenter trial. Circulation. 2012;125:2015–26.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Gilard M, Barragan P, Noryani AAL, et al. 6‑ versus 24-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents in patients nonresistant to aspirin: the randomized, multicenter ITALIC trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:777–86.CrossRefPubMed Gilard M, Barragan P, Noryani AAL, et al. 6‑ versus 24-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents in patients nonresistant to aspirin: the randomized, multicenter ITALIC trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:777–86.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Collet JP, Silvain J, Barthelemy O, et al. Dual-antiplatelet treatment beyond 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation (ARCTIC-Interruption): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2014;384:1577–85.CrossRefPubMed Collet JP, Silvain J, Barthelemy O, et al. Dual-antiplatelet treatment beyond 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation (ARCTIC-Interruption): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2014;384:1577–85.CrossRefPubMed
23.
24.
go back to reference Park SJ, Park DW, Kim YH, et al. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1374–82.CrossRefPubMed Park SJ, Park DW, Kim YH, et al. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1374–82.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Helft G, Steg PG, Le Feuvre C, et al. Stopping or continuing clopidogrel 12 months after drug-eluting stent placement: the OPTIDUAL randomized trial. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:365–74.PubMed Helft G, Steg PG, Le Feuvre C, et al. Stopping or continuing clopidogrel 12 months after drug-eluting stent placement: the OPTIDUAL randomized trial. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:365–74.PubMed
26.
27.
go back to reference Mauri L, Elmariah S, Yeh RW, et al. Causes of late mortality with dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stents. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:378–85.PubMed Mauri L, Elmariah S, Yeh RW, et al. Causes of late mortality with dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stents. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:378–85.PubMed
28.
go back to reference Navarese EP, Andreotti F, Schulze V, et al. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2015;350:h1618.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Navarese EP, Andreotti F, Schulze V, et al. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2015;350:h1618.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference Bittl JA, Baber U, Bradley SM, Wijeysundera DN. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy: a systematic review for the 2016 ACC/AHA guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:1116–39.CrossRefPubMed Bittl JA, Baber U, Bradley SM, Wijeysundera DN. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy: a systematic review for the 2016 ACC/AHA guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:1116–39.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Yeh RW, Kereiakes DJ, Steg PG, et al. Benefits and risks of extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy after PCI in patients with and without acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:2211–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yeh RW, Kereiakes DJ, Steg PG, et al. Benefits and risks of extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy after PCI in patients with and without acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:2211–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:494–502.CrossRefPubMed Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:494–502.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1045–57.CrossRefPubMed Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1045–57.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2001–15.CrossRefPubMed Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2001–15.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Zocca P, van der Heijden LC, Kok MM, et al. Clopidogrel or ticagrelor in acute coronary syndrome patients treated with newer-generation drug-eluting stents: CHANGE DAPT. EuroIntervention. 2017;13:1168–76.CrossRefPubMed Zocca P, van der Heijden LC, Kok MM, et al. Clopidogrel or ticagrelor in acute coronary syndrome patients treated with newer-generation drug-eluting stents: CHANGE DAPT. EuroIntervention. 2017;13:1168–76.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, et al. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1791–800.CrossRefPubMed Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, et al. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1791–800.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Storey RF, et al. Ticagrelor for prevention of ischemic events after myocardial infarction in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2719–28.CrossRefPubMed Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Storey RF, et al. Ticagrelor for prevention of ischemic events after myocardial infarction in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2719–28.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Udell JA, Bonaca MP, Collet JP, et al. Long-term dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in the subgroup of patients with previous myocardial infarction: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:390–9.PubMed Udell JA, Bonaca MP, Collet JP, et al. Long-term dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in the subgroup of patients with previous myocardial infarction: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:390–9.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Giustino G, Chieffo A, Palmerini T, et al. Efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy after complex PCI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:1851–64.CrossRefPubMed Giustino G, Chieffo A, Palmerini T, et al. Efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy after complex PCI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:1851–64.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Yeh RW, Kereiakes DJ, Steg PG, et al. Lesion complexity and outcomes of extended dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:2213–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yeh RW, Kereiakes DJ, Steg PG, et al. Lesion complexity and outcomes of extended dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:2213–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
go back to reference Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1319–30.CrossRefPubMed Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1319–30.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Sibbing D, Aradi D, Jacobshagen C, et al. Guided de-escalation of antiplatelet treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (TROPICAL-ACS): a randomised, open-label, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2017;390:1747–57.CrossRefPubMed Sibbing D, Aradi D, Jacobshagen C, et al. Guided de-escalation of antiplatelet treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (TROPICAL-ACS): a randomised, open-label, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2017;390:1747–57.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Yeh RW, Secemsky EA, Kereiakes DJ, et al. Development and validation of a prediction rule for benefit and harm of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA. 2016;315:1735–49.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yeh RW, Secemsky EA, Kereiakes DJ, et al. Development and validation of a prediction rule for benefit and harm of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA. 2016;315:1735–49.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
go back to reference Costa F, van Klaveren D, James S, et al. Derivation and validation of the predicting bleeding complications in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual antiplatelet therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score: a pooled analysis of individual-patient datasets from clinical trials. Lancet. 2017;389(10073):1025–34.CrossRefPubMed Costa F, van Klaveren D, James S, et al. Derivation and validation of the predicting bleeding complications in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual antiplatelet therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score: a pooled analysis of individual-patient datasets from clinical trials. Lancet. 2017;389(10073):1025–34.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy for coronary artery disease
Authors
W. J. Kikkert
P. Damman
Publication date
01-06-2018
Publisher
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Published in
Netherlands Heart Journal / Issue 6/2018
Print ISSN: 1568-5888
Electronic ISSN: 1876-6250
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-018-1113-5

Other articles of this Issue 6/2018

Netherlands Heart Journal 6/2018 Go to the issue

Image Puzzle – Question

Cough up your lungs

Image Puzzle – Answer

Cough up your lungs