Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Indian Journal of Pediatrics
Published in: Indian Journal of Pediatrics 10/2018

01-10-2018 | Review Article

Asthma, GERD and Obesity: Triangle of Inflammation

Authors: Samriti Gupta, Rakesh Lodha, S. K. Kabra

Published in: Indian Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 10/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

There is increasing prevalence of both asthma and obesity in children globally in recent years. Various epidemiological studies link obesity as a risk factor for asthma and suggest a possible causal association. Obesity asthma phenotype is considered as distinct in view of greater severity and poor asthma control. Various mechanisms underlying this phenotype have been suggested including mechanical effects of obesity and systemic inflammation, but still the exact mechanism is unclear. Also, the comorbidities like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) lead to inflammation in airways and contribute to asthma obesity association. A better understanding of mechanisms by which obesity and GERD lead to inflammation in airways and increase the risk of asthma may provide insight towards targeted treatment approach of these patients.
Literature
1.
2.
Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384:766–81.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
3.
Novosad S, Khan S, Wolfe B, Khan A. Role of obesity in asthma control, the obesity-asthma phenotype. J Allergy (Cairo). 2013;2013:538642.
4.
Cazzola M, Segreti A, Calzetta L, Rogliani P. Comorbidities of asthma: current knowledge and future research needs. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2013;19:36–41.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Dias-Júnior SA, Reis M, de Carvalho-Pinto RM, Stelmach R, Halpern A, Cukier A. Effects of weight loss on asthma control in obese patients with severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2014;43:1368–77.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Naik RD, Vaezi MF. Extra-esophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma: understanding this interplay. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;9:969–82.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Dixon AE, Clerisme-Beaty EM, Sugar EA, et al. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease on asthma control in obesity. J Asthma. 2011;48:707–13.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
8.
9.
10.
Raj D, Kabra SK, Lodha R. Childhood obesity and risk of allergy or asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin N Am. 2014;34:753–65.CrossRef
11.
Thakkar K, Boatright RO, Gilger MA, El-Serag HB. Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma in children: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2010;125:e925–30.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Icitovic N, Onyebeke LC, Wallenstein S, et al. The association between body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the world trade center health program general responder cohort. Am J Ind Med. 2016;59:761–6.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Davidson WJ, Mackenzie-Rife KA, Witmans MB, et al. Obesity negatively impacts lung function in children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014;49:1003–10.CrossRefPubMed
14.
15.
Vlaski E, Stavric K, Seckova L, Kimovska M, Isjanovska R. Influence of physical activity and television-watching time on asthma and allergic rhinitis among young adolescents: preventive or aggravating? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2008;36:247–53.CrossRef
16.
Puthalapattu S, Ioachimescu OC. Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea: clinical and pathogenic interactions. J Investig Med. 2014;62:665–75.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Leiria LOS, Martins MA, Saad MJA. Obesity and asthma: beyond T(H)2 inflammation. Metabolism. 2015;64:172–81.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Coffey MJ, Torretti B, Mancuso P. Adipokines and cysteinyl leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of asthma. J Allergy (Cairo). 2015;2015:157919.
19.
Sood A, Shore SA. Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in asthma: basic mechanisms through population studies. J Allergy (Cairo). 2013;2013:785835.
20.
21.
Endo Y, Yokote K, Nakayama T. The obesity-related pathology and Th17 cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017;74:1231–45.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Kim HY, Lee HJ, Chang Y-J, et al. Interleukin-17-producing innate lymphoid cells and the NLRP3 inflammasome facilitate obesity-associated airway hyperreactivity. Nat Med. 2014;20:54–61.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Cardet JC, Ash S, Kusa T, Camargo CA, Israel E. Insulin resistance modifies the association between obesity and current asthma in adults. Eur Respir J. 2016;48:403–10.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
24.
25.
26.
González JR, Cáceres A, Esko T, et al. A common 16p11.2 Inversion underlies the joint susceptibility to asthma and obesity. Am J Hum Genet. 2014;94:361–72.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
27.
Stein MR. Possible mechanisms of influence of esophageal acid on airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Med. 2003;115:55S–9S.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Dal Negro RW, Guerriero M, Micheletto C. Pattern of airway inflammation and remodelling in mild persistent atopic asthma and in mild persistent asthma related to gastroesophageal reflux. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;44:236–42.PubMed
29.
Rogers L. Role of sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux in severe asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin N Am. 2016;36:461–71.CrossRef
30.
Kasasbeh A, Kasasbeh E, Krishnaswamy G. Potential mechanisms connecting asthma, esophageal reflux, and obesity/sleep apnea complex—a hypothetical review. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11:47–58.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Van Leeuwen JC, Hoogstrate M, Duiverman EJ, Thio BJ. Effects of dietary induced weight loss on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in overweight and obese children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014;49:1155–61.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Calixto MC, Lintomen L, André DM, et al. Metformin attenuates the exacerbation of the allergic eosinophilic inflammation in high fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. PLoS One. 2013;8:e76786.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
33.
34.
Kassel O, Sancono A, Krätzschmar J, Kreft B, Stassen M, Cato AC. Glucocorticoids inhibit MAP kinase via increased expression and decreased degradation of MKP-1. EMBO J. 2001;20:7108–16.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
35.
Berry MA, Hargadon B, Shelley M, et al. Evidence of a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in refractory asthma. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:697–708.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Busse WW, Holgate S, Kerwin E, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of brodalumab, a human anti–IL-17 receptor monoclonal antibody, in moderate to severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188:1294–302.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Harding SM, Richter JE, Guzzo MR, Schan CA, Alexander RW, Bradley LA. Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux: acid suppressive therapy improves asthma outcome. Am J Med. 1996;100:395–405.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Littner MR, Leung FW, Ballard ED. Huang B, Samra NK; Lansoprazole asthma study group. Effects of 24 weeks of lansoprazole therapy on asthma symptoms, exacerbations, quality of life, and pulmonary function in adult asthmatic patients with acid reflux symptoms. Chest. 2005;128:1128–35.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Owen C, Marks DJ, Banks M. The dangers of proton pump inhibitor therapy. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2014;75:C108–12.CrossRef
40.
Levin TR, Sperling RM, McQuaid KR. Omeprazole improves peak expiratory flow rate and quality of life in asthmatics with gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:1060–3.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:308–28.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Asthma, GERD and Obesity: Triangle of Inflammation
Authors
Samriti Gupta
Rakesh Lodha
S. K. Kabra
Publication date
01-10-2018
Publisher
Springer India
Published in
Indian Journal of Pediatrics / Issue 10/2018
Print ISSN: 0019-5456
Electronic ISSN: 0973-7693
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2484-0

Other articles of this Issue 10/2018

Indian Journal of Pediatrics 10/2018 Go to the issue

Editorial Commentary

Triage Nurse-Ordered Diagnostic Studies – An Evolving Strategy to Reduce Emergency Department Length of Stay?

Original Article

Sublingual Immunotherapy Decreases Expression of Interleukin-33 in Children with Allergic Rhinitis

Correspondence

Iron Pots for the Prevention and Treatment of Anemia in Preschoolers: Correspondence

Editorial Commentary

Taurine and Neonatal Nutrition

Scientific Letter

Immunodeficiency in a Child with Alström Syndrome

Original Article

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study of Pediatricians on Infantile Spasms