Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Clinical and Translational Oncology 4/2019

Open Access 01-04-2019 | Research Article

Consensus on management of castration-resistant prostate cancer on behalf of the Urological Tumours Working Group (URONCOR) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology

Authors: A. Gómez-Caamaño, C. González-San Segundo, I. Henríquez, X. Maldonado, A. Zapatero, Expert Panel for the Consensus on Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer 2017, Urological Tumours Working Group (URONCOR), Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR)

Published in: Clinical and Translational Oncology | Issue 4/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The knowledge in the field of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is developing rapidly, with emerging new therapies and advances in imaging. Nonetheless, in multiple areas there is still a lack of or very limited evidence, and clear guidance from clinicians regarding optimal strategy is required.

Methods

A modified Delphi method, with 116 relevant questions divided into 7 different CRPC management topics, was used to develop a consensus statement by the URONCOR group.

Results

A strong consensus or unanimity was reached on 93% of the proposed questions. The seven topics addressed were: CRPC definition, symptomatic patients, diagnosis of metastasis, CRPC progression, M0 management, M1 management and sequencing therapy, and treatment monitoring.

Conclusions

The recommendations based on the radiation oncology experts’ opinions are intended to provide cancer specialists with expert guidance and to standardise CRPC patient management in Spain, facilitating decision-making in different clinically relevant issues regarding CRPC patients.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Galceran J, Ameijide A, Carulla M, Mateos A, Quiros JR, Rojas D, et al. Cancer incidence in Spain, 2015. Clin Transl Oncol. 2017;19(7):799–825.CrossRef Galceran J, Ameijide A, Carulla M, Mateos A, Quiros JR, Rojas D, et al. Cancer incidence in Spain, 2015. Clin Transl Oncol. 2017;19(7):799–825.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Rodriguez A, Borras JM, Lopez-Torrecilla J, Algara M, Palacios-Eito A, Gomez-Caamano A, et al. Demand for radiotherapy in Spain. Clin Transl Oncol. 2017;19(2):204–10.CrossRef Rodriguez A, Borras JM, Lopez-Torrecilla J, Algara M, Palacios-Eito A, Gomez-Caamano A, et al. Demand for radiotherapy in Spain. Clin Transl Oncol. 2017;19(2):204–10.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Cassinello J, Arranz JA, Piulats JM, Sanchez A, Perez-Valderrama B, Mellado B, et al. SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2018;20(1):57–68.CrossRef Cassinello J, Arranz JA, Piulats JM, Sanchez A, Perez-Valderrama B, Mellado B, et al. SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2018;20(1):57–68.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Chirlaque MD, Salmeron D, Galceran J, Ameijide A, Mateos A, Torrella A, et al. Cancer survival in adult patients in Spain. Results from nine population-based cancer registries. Clin Transl Oncol. 2018;20(2):201–11.CrossRef Chirlaque MD, Salmeron D, Galceran J, Ameijide A, Mateos A, Torrella A, et al. Cancer survival in adult patients in Spain. Results from nine population-based cancer registries. Clin Transl Oncol. 2018;20(2):201–11.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Campa J, Mar-Barrutia G, Extramiana J, Arrospide A, Mar J. Advanced prostate cancer survival in Spain according to the Gleason score, age and stage. Actas Urol Esp. 2016;40(8):499–506.CrossRef Campa J, Mar-Barrutia G, Extramiana J, Arrospide A, Mar J. Advanced prostate cancer survival in Spain according to the Gleason score, age and stage. Actas Urol Esp. 2016;40(8):499–506.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Kirby M, Hirst C, Crawford ED. Characterising the castration-resistant prostate cancer population: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2011;65(11):1180–92.CrossRef Kirby M, Hirst C, Crawford ED. Characterising the castration-resistant prostate cancer population: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2011;65(11):1180–92.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Inoue T, Segawa T, Kamba T, Yoshimura K, Nakamura E, Nishiyama H, et al. Prevalence of skeletal complications and their impact on survival of hormone refractory prostate cancer patients in Japan. Urology. 2009;73(5):1104–9.CrossRef Inoue T, Segawa T, Kamba T, Yoshimura K, Nakamura E, Nishiyama H, et al. Prevalence of skeletal complications and their impact on survival of hormone refractory prostate cancer patients in Japan. Urology. 2009;73(5):1104–9.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Sartor O, de Bono JS. Metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(7):645–57.CrossRef Sartor O, de Bono JS. Metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(7):645–57.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Miller K, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(13):1187–97.CrossRef Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Miller K, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(13):1187–97.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, Fizazi K, North S, Chu L, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(21):1995–2005.CrossRef de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, Fizazi K, North S, Chu L, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(21):1995–2005.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, Berger ER, Small EJ, Penson DF, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(5):411–22.CrossRef Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, Berger ER, Small EJ, Penson DF, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(5):411–22.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, Helle SI, O’Sullivan JM, Fossa SD, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(3):213–23.CrossRef Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, Helle SI, O’Sullivan JM, Fossa SD, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(3):213–23.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, Hansen S, Machiels JP, Kocak I, et al. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9747):1147–54.CrossRef de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, Hansen S, Machiels JP, Kocak I, et al. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9747):1147–54.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Komura K, Sweeney CJ, Inamoto T, Ibuki N, Azuma H, Kantoff PW. Current treatment strategies for advanced prostate cancer. Int J Urol. 2018;25(3):220–31.CrossRef Komura K, Sweeney CJ, Inamoto T, Ibuki N, Azuma H, Kantoff PW. Current treatment strategies for advanced prostate cancer. Int J Urol. 2018;25(3):220–31.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Fitzpatrick JM, Bellmunt J, Fizazi K, Heidenreich A, Sternberg CN, Tombal B, et al. Optimal management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: highlights from a European Expert Consensus Panel. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50(9):1617–27.CrossRef Fitzpatrick JM, Bellmunt J, Fizazi K, Heidenreich A, Sternberg CN, Tombal B, et al. Optimal management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: highlights from a European Expert Consensus Panel. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50(9):1617–27.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Alcaraz A, Martinez-Pineiro L, Rodriguez A, Rubio J, Borque A, Burgos J, et al. Consensus on castration-resistant prostate cancer management in Spain. Arch Esp Urol. 2017;70(9):777–91.PubMed Alcaraz A, Martinez-Pineiro L, Rodriguez A, Rubio J, Borque A, Burgos J, et al. Consensus on castration-resistant prostate cancer management in Spain. Arch Esp Urol. 2017;70(9):777–91.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Gillessen S, Omlin A, Attard G, de Bono JS, Efstathiou E, Fizazi K, et al. Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer: recommendations of the St Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2015. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(8):1589–604.CrossRef Gillessen S, Omlin A, Attard G, de Bono JS, Efstathiou E, Fizazi K, et al. Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer: recommendations of the St Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2015. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(8):1589–604.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Armstrong AJ, Garrett-Mayer E, Ou Yang YC, Carducci MA, Tannock I, de Wit R, et al. Prostate-specific antigen and pain surrogacy analysis in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(25):3965–70.CrossRef Armstrong AJ, Garrett-Mayer E, Ou Yang YC, Carducci MA, Tannock I, de Wit R, et al. Prostate-specific antigen and pain surrogacy analysis in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(25):3965–70.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Sternberg C, Armstrong A, Pili R, Ng S, Huddart R, Agarwal N, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study of tasquinimod in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(22):2636–43.CrossRef Sternberg C, Armstrong A, Pili R, Ng S, Huddart R, Agarwal N, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study of tasquinimod in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(22):2636–43.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Jadad AR, Browman GP. The WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain management. Stepping up the quality of its evaluation. JAMA. 1995;274(23):1870–3.CrossRef Jadad AR, Browman GP. The WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain management. Stepping up the quality of its evaluation. JAMA. 1995;274(23):1870–3.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Lopez Torrecilla J, Hervas A, Zapatero A, Gomez Caamano A, Macias V, Herruzo I, et al. Uroncor consensus statement: management of biochemical recurrence after radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer: From biochemical failure to castration resistance. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 2015;20(4):259–72.CrossRef Lopez Torrecilla J, Hervas A, Zapatero A, Gomez Caamano A, Macias V, Herruzo I, et al. Uroncor consensus statement: management of biochemical recurrence after radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer: From biochemical failure to castration resistance. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 2015;20(4):259–72.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Scher HI, Morris MJ, Stadler WM, Higano C, Basch E, Fizazi K, et al. Trial design and objectives for castration-resistant prostate cancer: updated recommendations from the prostate cancer clinical trials working group 3. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(12):1402–18.CrossRef Scher HI, Morris MJ, Stadler WM, Higano C, Basch E, Fizazi K, et al. Trial design and objectives for castration-resistant prostate cancer: updated recommendations from the prostate cancer clinical trials working group 3. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(12):1402–18.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Ferrer M, Guedea F, Suárez JF, de Paula B, Macías V, Mariño A, et al. Quality of life impact of treatments for localized prostate cancer: cohort study with a 5 year follow-up. Radiother Oncol. 2013;108(2):306–13.CrossRef Ferrer M, Guedea F, Suárez JF, de Paula B, Macías V, Mariño A, et al. Quality of life impact of treatments for localized prostate cancer: cohort study with a 5 year follow-up. Radiother Oncol. 2013;108(2):306–13.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Malcolm JB, Fabrizio MD, Barone BB, Given RW, Lance RS, Lynch DF, et al. Quality of life after open or robotic prostatectomy, cryoablation or brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 2010;183(5):1822–8.CrossRef Malcolm JB, Fabrizio MD, Barone BB, Given RW, Lance RS, Lynch DF, et al. Quality of life after open or robotic prostatectomy, cryoablation or brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 2010;183(5):1822–8.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Cornford P, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Briers E, De Santis M, Gross T, EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer, et al. Part II: treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2017;71(4):630–42.CrossRef Cornford P, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Briers E, De Santis M, Gross T, EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer, et al. Part II: treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2017;71(4):630–42.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Smith MR, Cook R, Lee KA, Nelson JB. Disease and host characteristics as predictors of time to first bone metastasis and death in men with progressive castration-resistant nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Cancer. 2011;117(10):2077–85.CrossRef Smith MR, Cook R, Lee KA, Nelson JB. Disease and host characteristics as predictors of time to first bone metastasis and death in men with progressive castration-resistant nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Cancer. 2011;117(10):2077–85.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Smith MR, Kabbinavar F, Saad F, Hussain A, Gittelman MC, Bilhartz DL, et al. Natural history of rising serum prostate-specific antigen in men with castrate nonmetastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(13):2918–25.CrossRef Smith MR, Kabbinavar F, Saad F, Hussain A, Gittelman MC, Bilhartz DL, et al. Natural history of rising serum prostate-specific antigen in men with castrate nonmetastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(13):2918–25.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Crawford ED, Stone NN, Yu EY, Koo PJ, Freedland SJ, Slovin SF, et al. Challenges and recommendations for early identification of metastatic disease in prostate cancer. Urology. 2014;83(3):664–9.CrossRef Crawford ED, Stone NN, Yu EY, Koo PJ, Freedland SJ, Slovin SF, et al. Challenges and recommendations for early identification of metastatic disease in prostate cancer. Urology. 2014;83(3):664–9.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Schwenck J, Rempp H, Reischl G, Kruck S, Stenzl A, Nikolaou K, et al. Comparison of (68)Ga-labelled PSMA-11 and (11)C-choline in the detection of prostate cancer metastases by PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44(1):92–101.CrossRef Schwenck J, Rempp H, Reischl G, Kruck S, Stenzl A, Nikolaou K, et al. Comparison of (68)Ga-labelled PSMA-11 and (11)C-choline in the detection of prostate cancer metastases by PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44(1):92–101.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Singh D, Yi WS, Brasacchio RA, Muhs AG, Smudzin T, Williams JP, et al. Is there a favorable subset of patients with prostate cancer who develop oligometastases? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;58(1):3–10.CrossRef Singh D, Yi WS, Brasacchio RA, Muhs AG, Smudzin T, Williams JP, et al. Is there a favorable subset of patients with prostate cancer who develop oligometastases? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;58(1):3–10.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Ost P, Bossi A, Decaestecker K, De Meerleer G, Giannarini G, Karnes RJ, et al. Metastasis-directed therapy of regional and distant recurrences after curative treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol. 2015;67(5):852–63.CrossRef Ost P, Bossi A, Decaestecker K, De Meerleer G, Giannarini G, Karnes RJ, et al. Metastasis-directed therapy of regional and distant recurrences after curative treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol. 2015;67(5):852–63.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Weichselbaum RR, Hellman S. Oligometastases revisited. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2011;8(6):378–82.CrossRef Weichselbaum RR, Hellman S. Oligometastases revisited. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2011;8(6):378–82.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Schweizer MT, Zhou XC, Wang H, Yang T, Shaukat F, Partin AW, et al. Metastasis-free survival is associated with overall survival in men with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer treated with deferred androgen deprivation therapy. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(11):2881–6.CrossRef Schweizer MT, Zhou XC, Wang H, Yang T, Shaukat F, Partin AW, et al. Metastasis-free survival is associated with overall survival in men with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer treated with deferred androgen deprivation therapy. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(11):2881–6.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Gillessen S, Attard G, Beer TM, Beltran H, Bossi A, Bristow R, et al. Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer: the report of the advanced prostate cancer consensus conference APCCC 2017. Eur Urol. 2018;73(2):178–211.CrossRef Gillessen S, Attard G, Beer TM, Beltran H, Bossi A, Bristow R, et al. Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer: the report of the advanced prostate cancer consensus conference APCCC 2017. Eur Urol. 2018;73(2):178–211.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Pezaro C, Omlin A, Lorente D, Rodrigues DN, Ferraldeschi R, Bianchini D, et al. Visceral disease in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2014;65(2):270–3.CrossRef Pezaro C, Omlin A, Lorente D, Rodrigues DN, Ferraldeschi R, Bianchini D, et al. Visceral disease in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2014;65(2):270–3.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Narmala SK, Boulmay BC. PSA flare after initiation of abiraterone acetate. J Commun Support Oncol. 2014;12(5):191–2.CrossRef Narmala SK, Boulmay BC. PSA flare after initiation of abiraterone acetate. J Commun Support Oncol. 2014;12(5):191–2.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Thuret R, Massard C, Gross-Goupil M, Escudier B, Di Palma M, Bossi A, et al. The postchemotherapy PSA surge syndrome. Ann Oncol. 2008;19(7):1308–11.CrossRef Thuret R, Massard C, Gross-Goupil M, Escudier B, Di Palma M, Bossi A, et al. The postchemotherapy PSA surge syndrome. Ann Oncol. 2008;19(7):1308–11.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Ryan CJ, Shah S, Efstathiou E, Smith MR, Taplin ME, Bubley GJ, et al. Phase II study of abiraterone acetate in chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer displaying bone flare discordant with serologic response. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(14):4854–61.CrossRef Ryan CJ, Shah S, Efstathiou E, Smith MR, Taplin ME, Bubley GJ, et al. Phase II study of abiraterone acetate in chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer displaying bone flare discordant with serologic response. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(14):4854–61.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Burgio SL, Conteduca V, Rudnas B, Carrozza F, Campadelli E, Bianchi E, et al. PSA flare with abiraterone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2015;13(1):39–43.CrossRef Burgio SL, Conteduca V, Rudnas B, Carrozza F, Campadelli E, Bianchi E, et al. PSA flare with abiraterone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2015;13(1):39–43.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Ueda Y, Matsubara N, Tabata KI, Satoh T, Kamiya N, Suzuki H, et al. Prostate-specific antigen flare phenomenon induced by abiraterone acetate in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2017;15(2):320–5.CrossRef Ueda Y, Matsubara N, Tabata KI, Satoh T, Kamiya N, Suzuki H, et al. Prostate-specific antigen flare phenomenon induced by abiraterone acetate in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2017;15(2):320–5.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Armstrong AJ, Saad F, Phung Dmuchowski C, Shore ND, Fizazi K, et al. Clinical outcomes and survival surrogacy studies of prostate-specific antigen declines following enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel. Cancer. 2017;123(12):2303–11.CrossRef Armstrong AJ, Saad F, Phung Dmuchowski C, Shore ND, Fizazi K, et al. Clinical outcomes and survival surrogacy studies of prostate-specific antigen declines following enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel. Cancer. 2017;123(12):2303–11.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Yu EY, Miller K, Nelson J, Gleave M, Fizazi K, Moul JW, et al. Detection of previously unidentified metastatic disease as a leading cause of screening failure in a phase III trial of zibotentan versus placebo in patients with nonmetastatic, castration resistant prostate cancer. J Urol. 2012;188(1):103–9.CrossRef Yu EY, Miller K, Nelson J, Gleave M, Fizazi K, Moul JW, et al. Detection of previously unidentified metastatic disease as a leading cause of screening failure in a phase III trial of zibotentan versus placebo in patients with nonmetastatic, castration resistant prostate cancer. J Urol. 2012;188(1):103–9.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference White R, Khor R, Bressel M, Duchesne G, Williams S, Bowden P, et al. Efficacy of high-dose palliative radiotherapy for localised, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2015;27(1):16–21.CrossRef White R, Khor R, Bressel M, Duchesne G, Williams S, Bowden P, et al. Efficacy of high-dose palliative radiotherapy for localised, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2015;27(1):16–21.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Hussain M, Fizazi K, Saad F, Rathenborg P, Shore ND, Demirhan E, et al. PROSPER: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled study of enzalutamide (ENZA) in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:6_suppl, 3-3. Hussain M, Fizazi K, Saad F, Rathenborg P, Shore ND, Demirhan E, et al. PROSPER: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled study of enzalutamide (ENZA) in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:6_suppl, 3-3.
46.
go back to reference Smith MR, Saad F, Chowdhury S, Oudard S, Hadaschik BA, Graff JN, et al. Apalutamide treatment and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(15):1408–18.CrossRef Smith MR, Saad F, Chowdhury S, Oudard S, Hadaschik BA, Graff JN, et al. Apalutamide treatment and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(15):1408–18.CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Berruti A, Tucci M, Mosca A, Tarabuzzi R, Gorzegno G, Terrone C, et al. Predictive factors for skeletal complications in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with metastatic bone disease. Br J Cancer. 2005;93(6):633–8.CrossRef Berruti A, Tucci M, Mosca A, Tarabuzzi R, Gorzegno G, Terrone C, et al. Predictive factors for skeletal complications in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with metastatic bone disease. Br J Cancer. 2005;93(6):633–8.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Ryan CJ, Molina A, Griffin T. Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(15):1408–18.CrossRef Ryan CJ, Molina A, Griffin T. Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(15):1408–18.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Beer TM, Armstrong AJ, Rathkopf DE, Loriot Y, Sternberg CN, Higano CS, et al. Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):424–33.CrossRef Beer TM, Armstrong AJ, Rathkopf DE, Loriot Y, Sternberg CN, Higano CS, et al. Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):424–33.CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Parker C, Gillessen S, Heidenreich A, Horwich A. Cancer of the prostate: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(Suppl 5):v69–77.CrossRef Parker C, Gillessen S, Heidenreich A, Horwich A. Cancer of the prostate: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(Suppl 5):v69–77.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Shah RB, Mehra R, Chinnaiyan AM, Shen R, Ghosh D, Zhou M, et al. Androgen-independent prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases: lessons from a rapid autopsy program. Cancer Res. 2004;64(24):9209–16.CrossRef Shah RB, Mehra R, Chinnaiyan AM, Shen R, Ghosh D, Zhou M, et al. Androgen-independent prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases: lessons from a rapid autopsy program. Cancer Res. 2004;64(24):9209–16.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Evans CP, Higano CS, Keane T, Andriole G, Saad F, Iversen P, et al. The PREVAIL Study: primary outcomes by site and extent of baseline disease for enzalutamide-treated men with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2016;70(4):675–83.CrossRef Evans CP, Higano CS, Keane T, Andriole G, Saad F, Iversen P, et al. The PREVAIL Study: primary outcomes by site and extent of baseline disease for enzalutamide-treated men with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2016;70(4):675–83.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Ryan CJ, Smith MR, Fizazi K, Saad F, Mulders PF, Sternberg CN, et al. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (COU-AA-302): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(2):152–60.CrossRef Ryan CJ, Smith MR, Fizazi K, Saad F, Mulders PF, Sternberg CN, et al. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (COU-AA-302): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(2):152–60.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Consensus on management of castration-resistant prostate cancer on behalf of the Urological Tumours Working Group (URONCOR) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology
Authors
A. Gómez-Caamaño
C. González-San Segundo
I. Henríquez
X. Maldonado
A. Zapatero
Expert Panel for the Consensus on Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer 2017, Urological Tumours Working Group (URONCOR), Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR)
Publication date
01-04-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Clinical and Translational Oncology / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1699-048X
Electronic ISSN: 1699-3055
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-018-1940-2

Other articles of this Issue 4/2019

Clinical and Translational Oncology 4/2019 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine