Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Hepatology International
Published in: Hepatology International 3/2008

Open Access 01-09-2008 | Review Article

Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update

Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw, Nancy Leung, Jia-Horng Kao, Teerha Piratvisuth, Edward Gane, Kwang-Hyub Han, Richard Guan, George K. K. Lau, Stephen Locarnini, for the Chronic Hepatitis B Guideline Working Party of the Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver

Published in: Hepatology International | Issue 3/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Large amounts of new data on the natural history and treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have become available since 2005. These include long-term follow-up studies in large community-based cohorts or asymptomatic subjects with chronic HBV infection, further studies on the role of HBV genotype/naturally occurring HBV mutations, treatment of drug resistance and new therapies. In addition, Pegylated interferon α2a, entecavir and telbivudine have been approved globally. To update HBV management guidelines, relevant new data were reviewed and assessed by experts from the region, and the significance of the reported findings were discussed and debated. The earlier “Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B” was revised accordingly. The key terms used in the statement were also defined. The new guidelines include general management, special indications for liver biopsy in patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase, time to start or stop drug therapy, choice of drug to initiate therapy, when and how to monitor the patients during and after stopping drug therapy. Recommendations on the therapy of patients in special circumstances, including women in childbearing age, patients with antiviral drug resistance, concurrent viral infection, hepatic decompensation, patients receiving immune-suppressive medications or chemotherapy and patients in the setting of liver transplantation, are also included.
Literature
1.
Liaw YF, Leung N, Guan R, Lau GKK, Merican I, McCaughan G et al. Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2005 update. Liver Int 2005;25:472–489.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Keeffe EB, Dieterich DT, Han SH, Jacobson IM, Martin P, Schiff ER et al. A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: an update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:936–962.PubMedCrossRef
3.
ACT-HBV Asia-Pacific Steering Committee Members. Chronic hepatitis B: treatment alert. Liver Int 2006;26:47–58.CrossRef
4.
5.
Summers J, Mason WS. Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Cell 1982;29:403–415.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Yokosuka O, Omata M, Imazeki F, Okuda K, Summers J. Changes of hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum caused by recombinant leukocyte interferon treatment: analysis of intrahepatic replicative hepatitis B virus DNA. Hepatology 1985;5:728–734.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Hui CK, Leung N, Yuen ST, Zhang HY, Leung KW, Lu L et al. Natural history and disease progression in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients in immune-tolerant phase. Hepatology 2007;46:395–401.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Lai M, Hyatt BJ, Nasser I, Curry M, Afdhal NH. The clinical significance of persistently normal ALT in chronic hepatitis B infection. J Hepatol 2007;47:760–767.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Liaw YF. Hepatitis flares and hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion: implication in anti-hepatitis B virus therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;18:246–252.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Chu CM, Liaw YF. Genotype C hepatitis B virus infection is associated with a higher risk of reactivation of hepatitis B, progression to cirrhosis than genotype B: a longitudinal study of hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with normal aminotransferase levels at baseline. J Hepatol 2005;43:411–417.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Chu CM, Hung SJ, Lin J, Tai DI, Liaw YF. Natural history of hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion in patients with normal serum aminotransferase levels. Am J Med 2004;116:829–834.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Hsu YS, Chien RN, Yeh CT, Sheen IS, Chiou HY, Chu CM. Long-term outcome after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2002;35:1522–1527.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Chu CM, Liaw YF. Predictive factors for reactivation of hepatitis B following hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1458–1465.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Chu CM, Liaw YF. Spontaneous relapse of hepatitis in inactive HBsAg carriers. Hepatol Int 2007;1:311–315.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Feld JJ, Ayers M, El-Ashry D, Mazzulli T, Tellier R, Heathcote EJ. Hepatitis B virus DNA prediction rules for hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2007;46:1057–1070.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Liaw YF, Tai DI, Chu CM, Chen TJ. The development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: a prospective study. Hepatology 1988;8:493–496.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Lin SM, Yu ML, Lee CM, Chien RN, Sheen IS, Chu CM et al. Interferon therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis reduces cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2007:46:45–52.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Park BK, Park YN, Ahn SH, Lee KS, Chon CY, Moon YM et al. Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B based on histological grade and stage. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:383–388.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Chen YC, Chu CM, Yeh CT, Liaw YF. Natural course following the onset of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a long-term follow-up study. Hepatol Int 2007;1:267–273.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Chu CM, Liaw YF. Hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis: natural history and treatment. Semin Liver Dis 2006;26:142–152.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Yang HI, Lu SN, Liaw YF, You SL, Sun CA, Wang LY et al. Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2002;347:168–174.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Yu MW, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, Liaw YF, Lin CL, Liu CJ et al. Hepatitis B virus genotype and DNA level and hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:265–272.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Chen CJ et al. Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology 2006;130:678–686.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Lu SN et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 2006;295:65–73.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Chou YC, Yu MW, Wu CF, Yang SY, Lin CL, Liu CJ et al. Temporal relationship between hepatitis B virus enhancer II/basal core promoter sequence variation and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2008;57:91–97.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Chu CM, Liaw YF. HBsAg seroclearance in asymptomatic carriers of high endemic areas: appreciably high rates during a long-term follow up. Hepatology 2007;45:1187–1192.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Chen YC, Sheen IS, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Prognosis following spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients with or without concurrent infection. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1084–1089.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Yuen MF, Wong DK, Sablon E, Tse E, Ng IO, Yuan HJ et al. HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B in the Chinese: virological, histological, and clinical aspects. Hepatology 2004;39:1694–1701.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Kao JH. Role of viral factors in the natural course and therapy of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2007;1:415–430.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Livingston SE, Simonetti JP, Bulkow LR, Homan CE, Snowball MM, Cagle HH et al. Clearance of hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B and genotypes A, B, C, D, and F. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1452–1457.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Ni YH, Chang MH, Wang KJ, Hsu HY, Chen HL, Kao JH et al. Clinical relevance of hepatitis B virus genotype in children with chronic infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2004;127:1733–1738.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Mahmood S, Niiyama G, Kamei A, Izumi A, Nakata K, Ikeda H et al. Influence of viral load and genotype in the progression of hepatitis B-associated liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2005;25:220–225.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Chen DS. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in Taiwanese hepatitis B carriers. J Med Virol 2004;72:363–369.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Chan HL, Hui AY, Wong ML, Tse AM, Hung LC, Wong VW et al. Genotype C hepatitis B virus infection is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2004;53:1494–1498.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Yuen MF, Wong DK, Zheng BJ, Chan CC, Yuen JC, Wong BC et al. Difference in T helper responses during hepatitis flares in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with genotypes B and C: implication for early HBeAg seroconversion. J Viral Hepat 2007;14:269–275.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Thakur V, Guptan RC, Kazim SN, Malhotra V, Sarin SK. Profile, spectrum and significance of HBV genotypes in chronic liver disease patients in the Indian subcontinent. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;17:165–170.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Chen DS. Basal core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers. Gastroenterology 2003;124:327–334.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Chen CH, Hung CH, Lee CM, Hu TH, Wang JH, Wang JC et al. Pre-S deletion and complex mutations of hepatitis B virus related to advanced liver disease in HBeAg-negative patients. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1466–1474.PubMedCrossRef
39.
40.
Liaw YF. Hepatitis B virus replication and liver disease progression: the impact of antiviral therapy. Antivir Ther 2006;11:669–679.PubMed
41.
42.
Iorio R, Giannattasio A, Cirillo F, D’Alessandro L, Vegnente A. Long-term outcome in children with chronic hepatitis B: a 24-year observation period. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:943–949.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Mellerup MT, Krogsgaard K, Mathurin P, Gluud C, Poynard T. Sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(3):CD000345. Review.
44.
Niederau C, Heintges T, Lange S, Goldmann G, Niederau CM, Mohr L et al. Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1422–1427.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Papatheodoridis GV, Manesis E, Hadziyannis SJ. The long-term outcome of interferon-alpha treated and untreated patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2001;34:306–313.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Cooksley WG, Piratvisuth T, Lee SD, Mahachai V, Chao YC, Tanwandee T, et al. Peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa): an advance in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2003;10:298–305.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Lau GK, Piratvisuth T, Luo KX, Marcellin P, Thongsawat S, Cooksley G et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2682–2695.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Marcellin P, Lau GKK Bonino F et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1206–1217.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Piratvisuth T, Lau G, Chao YC, Jin R, Chutaputti A, Zhang QB et al. Sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kDa) with or without lamivudine in Asian patients with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2008;2:102–110.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Buster EH, Hansen BE, Buti M, Delwaide J, Niederau C, Michielsen PP et al. Peginterferon alpha-2b is safe and effective in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with advanced fibrosis. Hepatology 2007;46:388–394.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Flink HJ, Hansen BE, Heathcote EJ, Feinman SV, Simsek H, Karayalcin S et al. Successful treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b of HBeAg-positive HBV non-responders to standard interferon or lamivudine. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2523–2529.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Flink HJ, Sprengers D, Hansen BE, van Zonneveld M, de Man RA, Schalm SW et al. Flares in chronic hepatitis B patients induced by the host or the virus? Relation to treatment response during Peg-interferon {alpha}-2b therapy. Gut 2005;54:1604–1609.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Fried MW, Piratvisuth T, Lau GK, Marcellin P, Chow WC, Cooksley G et al. HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA as outcome predictors during therapy with peginterferon alfa-2a for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2008;47:428–434.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Bonino F, Marcellin P, Lau GK, Hadziyannis S, Jin R, Piratvisuth T et al. Predicting response to peginterferon alpha-2a, lamivudine and the two combined for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Gut 2007;56:699–705.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Janssen HLA, van Zonneveld M, Senturk H, Zeuzem S, Akarca US, Cakaloglu Y et al. Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005;365:123–129.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Sarin SK, Sood A, Kumar M, Arora A, Amrapurkar D, Sharma BC et al. Effect of lowering HBV DNA levels by initial antiviral therapy before adding immunomodulator on treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:96–104.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Lim SG, Wai CT, Lee YM, Dan YY, Sutedja DS, Wee A et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of thymosin-alpha1 and lymphoblastoid interferon for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Antivir Ther 2006;11:245–253.PubMed
58.
Chien RN, Liaw YF, Chen TC, Yeh CT, Sheen IS. Efficacy of thymosin α1 in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology 1998;27:1383–1387.PubMedCrossRef
59.
You J, Zhuang L, Cheng HY, Yan SM, Qiao YW, Huang JH et al. A randomized, controlled, clinical study of thymosin alpha-1 versus interferon-alpha in [corrected] patients with chronic hepatitis B lacking HBeAg in China [corrected] J Chin Med Assoc 2005;68:65–72.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Chien RN, Lin CY, Yeh CT, Liaw YF. Hepatitis B virus genotypes B is associated with better response to thymosin α1 therapy than genotype C. J Viral Hepat 2006;13:845–850.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Iino S, Toyota J, Kumada H, Kiyosawa K, Kakumu S, Sata M et al. The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha-1 in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B; results from a randomized clinical trial. J Viral Hepat 2005;12:300–306.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Chan HL, Tang JL, Tam W, Sung JJ. The efficacy of thymosin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a meta-analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:1899–1905.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Vandepapeli’ere P, Lau GKK, Leroux-Roels G, Horsmans Y, Gane E, Tawandee T et al. Therapeutic vaccination of chronic hepatitis B patients with virus suppression by antiviral therapy: a randomized, controlled study of co-administration of HBsAg/AS02 candidate vaccine and lamivudine. Vaccine 2007;25:8585–8597.CrossRef
64.
65.
66.
Jonas MM, Little NR, Gardner SD, Members of the International Pediatric Lamivudine Investigator Group*. Long-term lamivudine treatment of children with chronic hepatitis B: durability of therapeutic responses and safety. J Viral Hepat 2008;15:20–27.PubMed
67.
Chien RN, Yeh CT, Tsai SL, Chu CM, Liaw YF. The determinants for sustained HBeAg response to lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2003;38:1267–1273.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Chein RN, Liaw YF. Short-term lamivudine therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic active hepatitis B in Taiwan. Antivir Ther 2006;11:947–952.
69.
Fung SK, Wong F, Hussain M, Lok AS. Sustained response after a 2-year course of lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2004;11:432–438.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Chan HL, Wang H, Niu J, Chim AM, Sung JJ. Two-year lamivudine treatment for hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Antivir Ther 2007;12:345–353.PubMed
71.
Liaw YF, Sung JJY, Chow WC, Farrell G, Lee CZ, Yuen H et al. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1521–1531.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Lok AS, Zoulim F, Locarnini S, Bartholomeusz A, Ghany MG, Pawlotsky JM et al. Antiviral drug-resistant HBV: standardization of nomenclature and assays and recommendations for management. Hepatology 2007;46:254–265.PubMedCrossRef
73.
74.
Liaw YF, Chien RN, Yeh CT, Tsai SL, Chu CM. Acute exacerbation and hepatitis B virus clearance after emergence of YMDD motif mutation during lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 1999;30:567–572.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Yeh CT, Chien RN, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Clearance of the original hepatitis B virus YMDD-motif mutants with emergence of distinct lamivudine-resistant mutants during prolonged lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2000;31:1318–1326.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Leung NW, Lai CL, Chang TT, Guan R, Lee CM, Ng KY et al. Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates: results after 3 years of therapy. Hepatology 2001;33:1527–1532.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Di Marco V, Marzano A, Lampertico P, Andreone P, Santantonio T, Almasio PL et al. Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine. Hepatology 2004;40:883–891.PubMed
78.
Liaw YF, Tsai SL, Chien RN, Yeh CT, Chu CM. Prednisolone priming enhances Th1 response and efficacy of subsequent lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2000;32:604–609.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Sarin SK, Sandhu BS, Sharma BC, Jain M, Singh J, Malhotra V. Beneficial effects of “lamivudine pulse” therapy in HBeAg positive patients with normal ALT. J Viral Hepat 2004;11:552–558.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Hadziyannis SJ, Tassopoulos NC, Heathcote EJ, Chang TT, Kitis G, Rizzetto M et al. Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1743–1751.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Liaw YF, Lee CM, Chien RN, Yeh CT. Switching to adefovir monotherapy after emergence of lamivudine resistant mutations in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Viral Hepat 2006;13:250–255.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Rapti I, Dimou E, Mitsoula P, Hadziyannis SJ. Adding-on versus switching-to adefovir therapy in lamivudine-resistant HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2007;45:307–313.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Lampertico P, Viganò M, Manenti E, Iavarone M, Sablon E, Colombo M. Low resistance to adefovir combined with lamivudine: a 3-year study of 145 lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B patients. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1445–1451.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Lampertico P, Vigano M, Manenti E, Iavarone M, Lunghi G, Colombo M. Adefovir rapidly suppresses hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative patients developing genotypic resistance to lamivudine. Hepatology 2005;42:1414–1419.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Liaw YF. Rescue therapy for lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B: when and how? Hepatology 2007;26:266–268.CrossRef
86.
Chang TT, Gish RG, de Man R, Gadano A, Sollano J, Chao YC et al. A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1001–1010.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Lai CL, Shouval D, Lok AS, Chang TT, Cheinquer H, Goodman Z et al. Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1011–1020.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Gish RG, Lok AS, Chang TT, de Man RA, Gadano A, Sollano J et al. Entecavir therapy for up to 96 weeks in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1437–1444.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Sherman M, Yurdaydin C, Sollano J, Silva M, Liaw YF, Cianciara J et al. Entecavir for treatment of lamivudine-refractory, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2006;130:2039–2049.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Lai CL, Gane E, Liaw YF, Hsu CW, Thongsawat S, Wang Y, et al. Telbivudine versus lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2576–2588.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Chan HL, Heathcote EJ, Marcellin P, Lai CL, Cho M, Moon YM et al. Treatment of hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis with telbivudine or adefovir: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:745–754.PubMed
92.
Yoo BC, Kim JH, Chung YH, Lee KS, Paik SW, Ryu SH et al. Twenty-four-week clevudine therapy showed potent and sustained antiviral activity in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2007;45:1172–1178.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Yoo BC, Kim JH, Kim TH, Koh KC, Um SH, Kim YS et al. Clevudine is highly efficacious in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B with durable off-therapy viral suppression. Hepatology 2007;46:1041–1048.PubMedCrossRef
94.
van Bommel F, Wunsche T, Mauss S, Reinke P, Bergk A, Schurmann D et al. Comparison of adefovir and tenofovir in the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2004;40:1421–1425.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Hann HW, Chae HB, Dunn SR. Tenofovir (TDF) has stronger antiviral effect than adefovir (ADV) against lamivudine (LAM) resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatol Int 2008. doi:10.​1007/​s12072-008-9045-6.
96.
Marcellin P, Heathcote J, Gane E, Balabanska R, Husa P, Gurel S, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) demonstrated superior antiviral efficacy to adefovir dipivoxil in two pivotal, randomized, double-blind, studies for the treatment of HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB): study 102 and study 103. Hepatol Int 2008;2:A139.
97.
Gane E. The roadmap concept: using early on-treatment virologic responses to optimize long-term outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2008; In press.
98.
Dan YY, Aung MO, Lim SG. The economics of treating chronic hepatitis B in Asia. Hepatol Int 2008; In press.
99.
Hoofnagle JH, Doo E, Liang TJ, Fleischer R, Lok AS. Management of hepatitis B: summary of a clinical research workshop. Hepatology 2007;45:1056–1075.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Farci P, Chessa C, Balestrieri C, Serra G, Lai ME. Treatment of chronic hepatitis D. J Viral Hepat 2007;14(Suppl 1):58–63.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Canbakan B, Senturk H, Tabak F, Akdogan M, Tahan V, Mert A et al. Efficacy of interferon alpha-2b and lamivudine combination treatment in comparison to interferon alpha-2b alone in chronic delta hepatitis: a randomized trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21:657–663.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Chien RN, Lin CH, Liaw YF. The effect of lamivudine therapy in hepatic decompensation during acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2003;38:322–327.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Fontana RJ, Hann HW, Perrillo RP, Vierling JM, Wright T, Rakela J et al. Determinants of early mortality in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B treated with antiviral therapy. Gastroenterology 2002;123:719–727.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Schiff ER, Lai CL, Hadziyannis S et al. Adefovir dipivoxil therapy for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B in pre- and post-liver transplantation. Hepatology 2003;38:1419–1427.PubMed
105.
Sokal E, Kelly D, Wirth S, Mizerski J, Lu B, Kleber K et al. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of a single dose of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in children and adolescents aged 2–17 with chronic hepatitis B. J Heptol 2004;40(Suppl 1):132.CrossRef
106.
107.
Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH, Kim CW, Yoon SK, Cho SH et al. Transarterial chemo-lipiodolization can reactivate hepatitis B virus replication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2004;41:427–435.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Hui CK, Cheung WWW, Au WY, Zhang HY, Yueng YH, Leung N et al. Rituximab increases the risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in hepatitis B surface antigen negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 2006;131:59–68.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Gane EJ, Angus PW, Strasser S, Crawford DH, Ring J, Jeffrey GP et al. Lamivudine plus low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin to prevent recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2007;132:931–937.PubMedCrossRef
110.
Angus P, Strasser S, Patterson S, McCaughan G, Gane E. A randomized study to assess the safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil substitution for hepatitis B immune globulin in liver transplantation patients receiving long-term low dose IM HBIg and lamivudine prophylaxis. Hepatology 2007;46:238A.
111.
Gane E, Strasser S, Patterson S, McCaughan G, Angus P. A prospective study on the safety and efficacy of lamivudine and adefovir prophylaxis in HBsAg positive liver transplantation candidates. Hepatology 2007;46:479A.
112.
Ong SC, Mak B, Aung MO, Li SC, Lim SG. Health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis B patients. Hepatology 2008;47:1108–1117.PubMedCrossRef
113.
114.
Liaw YF. Prevention and surveillance of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2005;25(Suppl 1):40–47.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Chu CM, Liaw YF. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection acquired in childhood: special emphasis on prognostic and therapeutic implication of delayed HBeAg seroconversion. J Viral Hepat 2007;14:147–152.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Sheen IS, Hsu CW, Chen YC, Yeh CT, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Timing of lamivudine in treating acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B: role of HBV viral load. Hepatol Int 2007;1:125.
117.
Lau G, Marcellin P, Peters M. Chronic hepatitis B: a global health problem requiring coherent worldwide treatment strategies. Hepatol Int 2007;1:316–325.CrossRefPubMed
118.
Hsu C, Hsiung C, Su IJ, Hwang WS, Wang MC, Lin SF et al. A revisit for prophylactic lamivudine for chemotherapy-associated hepatitis B reactivation in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a randomized trial. Hepatology 2008;47:844–853.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update
Authors
Yun-Fan Liaw
Nancy Leung
Jia-Horng Kao
Teerha Piratvisuth
Edward Gane
Kwang-Hyub Han
Richard Guan
George K. K. Lau
Stephen Locarnini
for the Chronic Hepatitis B Guideline Working Party of the Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver
Publication date
01-09-2008
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Hepatology International / Issue 3/2008
Print ISSN: 1936-0533
Electronic ISSN: 1936-0541
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-008-9080-3

Other articles of this Issue 3/2008

Hepatology International 3/2008 Go to the issue

Original Article

Successful treatment with lamivudine may correlate with reduction of serum ferritin levels in the patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis type B

Erratum

Errata

Original Article

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnancy

Review Article

The economics of treating chronic hepatitis B in Asia

Review Article

Hepatocellular adenoma: what is new in 2008

Review Article

Current therapy for hepatitis C or D or immunodeficiency virus concurrent infection with chronic hepatitis B

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits