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18-10-2022 | SARS-CoV-2 | Mini Review

Protective role of vitamin D status against COVID-19: a mini-review

Authors: Maryam Vasheghani, Mahsa Rekabi, Makan Sadr

Published in: Endocrine | Issue 2/2023

Abstract

An outbreak of pneumonia caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is called COVID-19 and has led to a pandemic worldwide. It is reasonable to investigate and control factors affecting disease severity and mortality. The relation between vitamin D and viral pneumonia has been previously reported. Vitamin D deficiency is common and may increase hospital admission and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. This mini-review examines the pathways that show the association between vitamin D and COVID-19. On the other hand, it deals with the available evidence related to the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the prevalence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19. Also, we described the pathophysiology of the organs’ involvement in COVID-19 and the effect of vitamin D on these outcomes. Vitamin D strengthens the innate and adaptive immune system, modulates immune responses, prevents lung and cardiovascular system damage, and reduces thrombotic events. Vitamin D exerts these effects in several pathways. Vitamin D prevents virus entry and replication by maintaining the integrity of the body’s physical barrier. Vitamin D reduces the damage to vital organs and thrombotic events by increasing the level of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), nitric oxide, and antioxidants or by reducing inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. Sufficient vitamin D may be reduced morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. However, this issue should be investigated and confirmed by further research in the future.

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Title: Protective role of vitamin D status against COVID-19: a mini-review
Authors: Maryam Vasheghani
Mahsa Rekabi
Makan Sadr
Publication date: 18-10-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2
Vitamin D Deficiency
COVID-19
Cytokines
Published in: Endocrine / Issue 2/2023
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-022-03203-8

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