Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Endocrine
Published in: Endocrine 2/2015

01-06-2015 | Mini Review

Hormonal correlations of premature ejaculation

Authors: Andrea Sansone, Francesco Romanelli, Emmanuele A. Jannini, Andrea Lenzi

Published in: Endocrine | Issue 2/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Premature ejaculation is the most frequent male sexual dysfunction, significantly impairing quality of life of both the patient and the partner and affecting up to one-third of men of every age. In the last years, our knowledge about this topic has greatly increased, and studies on the causes and treatments related to ejaculatory disorders have shed a light on previously uncharted territory. Public interest on sexual dysfunctions has likewise increased in the general population: the time lapse between the first symptoms of sexual dysfunction and the seeking of medical advice has been significantly reduced, whereas demand for a treatment has markedly increased. A role of endocrine regulation has been established in all the aspects of male reproduction; however, the endocrine control of ejaculation is not fully understood. Sex steroid, pituitary, and thyroid hormones have all been advocated as potential candidates in the regulation of the ejaculatory process, but exact mechanisms are not clear yet and further studies are required in order to identify potential targets for treatment.
Literature
1.
D. Rowland, C.G. McMahon, C. Abdo, J. Chen, E.A. Jannini, M.D. Waldinger, T.Y. Ahn, Disorders of orgasm and ejaculation in men. J. Sex. Med. 7, 1668–1686 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
2.
G. Corona, E.A. Jannini, F. Lotti, V. Boddi, G. De Vita, G. Forti, A. Lenzi, E. Mannucci, M. Maggi, Premature and delayed ejaculation: two ends of a single continuum influenced by hormonal milieu. Int. J. Androl. 34, 41–48 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
3.
E.A. Jannini, A. Lenzi, Epidemiology of premature ejaculation. Curr. Opin. Urol. 15, 399–403 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
4.
E.J. McCarty, W.W. Dinsmore, Premature ejaculation: treatment update. Int. J. STD AIDS 21, 77–81 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
5.
C.G. McMahon, E.A. Jannini, M. Waldinger, D. Rowland, Standard operating procedures in the disorders of orgasm and ejaculation. J. Sex. Med. 10, 204–229 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
6.
American Psychiatric Association, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn. (American Psychiatric Association, Washington, 2013)CrossRef
7.
M.D. Waldinger, History of Premature Ejaculation. Premature Ejaculation (Springer, Milano, 2012), pp. 5–24
8.
M.D. Waldinger, M. Rietschel, M.M. Nöthen, M.W. Hengeveld, B. Olivier, Familial occurrence of primary premature ejaculation. Psychiatr. Genet. 8, 37–40 (1998)CrossRefPubMed
9.
M.D. Waldinger, H.H. Berendsen, B.F. Blok, B. Olivier, G. Holstege, Premature ejaculation and serotonergic antidepressants-induced delayed ejaculation: the involvement of the serotonergic system. Behav. Brain Res. 92, 111–118 (1998)CrossRefPubMed
10.
E.A. Jannini, A. Lenzi, Ejaculatory disorders: epidemiology and current approaches to definition, classification and subtyping. World J. Urol. 23, 68–75 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
11.
E.A. Jannini, M.P. McCabe, A. Salonia, F. Montorsi, B.D. Sachs, Organic vs. psychogenic? The Manichean diagnosis in sexual medicine. J. Sex. Med. 7, 1726–1733 (2009)CrossRef
12.
E.A. Jannini, C. Simonelli, A. Lenzi, Sexological approach to ejaculatory dysfunction1. Int. J. Androl. 25, 317–323 (2002)CrossRefPubMed
13.
E. Limoncin, M. Tomassetti, G.L. Gravina, G. Ciocca, E. Carosa, S. Di Sante, V. Gentile, V. Mirone, F. Montorsi, A. Lenzi, E.A. Jannini, Premature ejaculation results in female sexual distress: standardization and validation of a new diagnostic tool for sexual distress. J. Urol. 189, 1830–1835 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
14.
E.A. Jannini, A.M. Isidori, A. Aversa, A. Lenzi, S.E. Althof, Which is first? The controversial issue of precedence in the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions. J. Sex. Med. 10, 2359–2369 (2013)PubMed
15.
E.A. Jannini, F. Lombardo, A. Lenzi, Correlation between ejaculatory and erectile dysfunction. Int. J. Androl. 28, 40–45 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
16.
17.
F. Romanelli, A. Sansone, A. Lenzi, Erectile dysfunction in aging male. Acta Biomed. 81(Suppl 1), 89–94 (2010)PubMed
18.
A. Sansone, F. Romanelli, D. Gianfrilli, A. Lenzi, Endocrine evaluation of erectile dysfunction. Endocrine 46, 423–430 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
19.
M. Maggi, J. Buvat, G. Corona, A. Guay, L.O. Torres, Hormonal causes of male sexual dysfunctions and their management (hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disorders, GH disorders, and DHEA). J. Sex. Med. 10, 661–677 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
20.
G. Corona, E.A. Jannini, L. Vignozzi, G. Rastrelli, M. Maggi, The hormonal control of ejaculation. Nat. Rev. Urol. 9, 508–519 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
21.
M.I. Öztürk, O. Koca, M. Tüken, M.O. Keles, A. Ilktaç, M.I. Karaman, Hormonal evaluation in premature ejaculation. Urol. Int. 88, 454–458 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
22.
S.E. Althof, C.H.N. Abdo, J. Dean, G. Hackett, M. McCabe, C.G. McMahon, R.C. Rosen, R. Sadovsky, M. Waldinger, E. Becher, G.A. Broderick, J. Buvat, I. Goldstein, A.I. El-Meliegy, F. Giuliano, W.J.G. Hellstrom, L. Incrocci, E.A. Jannini, K. Park, S. Parish, H. Porst, D. Rowland, R. Segraves, I. Sharlip, C. Simonelli, H.M. Tan, International Society for Sexual Medicine: international Society for Sexual Medicine’s guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation. J. Sex. Med. 7, 2947–2969 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
23.
K. Hatzimouratidis, E. Amar, I. Eardley, F. Giuliano, Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Eur. Urol. 57, 804–814 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
24.
E.C. Serefoglu, T.R. Saitz, New insights on premature ejaculation: a review of definition, classification, prevalence and treatment. Asian J. Androl. 14, 822–829 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
25.
S.E. Althof, C.G. McMahon, M.D. Waldinger, E.C. Serefoglu, A.W. Shindel, P.G. Adaikan, E. Becher, J. Dean, F. Giuliano, W.J.G. Hellstrom, A. Giraldi, S. Glina, L. Incrocci, E.A. Jannini, M. McCabe, S. Parish, D. Rowland, R.T. Segraves, I. Sharlip, L.O. Torres, An update of the International Society of Sexual Medicine’s guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). J. Sex. Med. 11, 1392–1422 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
26.
P.G. Cohen, The association of premature ejaculation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J. Sex. Marital Ther. 23, 208–211 (1997)CrossRefPubMed
27.
G. Corona, E.A. Jannini, E. Mannucci, A.D. Fisher, F. Lotti, L. Petrone, G. Balercia, E. Bandini, V. Chiarini, G. Forti, M. Maggi, Different testosterone levels are associated with ejaculatory dysfunction. J. Sex. Med. 5, 1991–1998 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
28.
G. Corona, M. Maggi, The role of testosterone in erectile dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol. 7, 46–56 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
29.
A. Morelli, S. Filippi, R. Mancina, M. Luconi, L. Vignozzi, M. Marini, C. Orlando, G.B. Vannelli, A. Aversa, A. Natali, G. Forti, M. Giorgi, E.A. Jannini, F. Ledda, M. Maggi, Androgens regulate phosphodiesterase type 5 expression and functional activity in corpora cavernosa. Endocrinology 145, 2253–2263 (2004)CrossRefPubMed
30.
G. Corona, V. Boddi, M. Gacci, A. Sforza, G. Forti, E. Mannucci, M. Maggi, Perceived ejaculate volume reduction in patients with erectile dysfunction: psychobiologic correlates. J. Androl. 32, 333–339 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
31.
M.D. Waldinger, The neurobiological approach to premature ejaculation. J. Urol. 168, 2359–2367 (2002)CrossRefPubMed
32.
M.G. Mohseni, S.R. Hosseini, F. Alizadeh, N. Rangzan, Serum testosterone and gonadotropins levels in patients with premature ejaculation: a comparison with normal men. Adv. Biomed. Res. 3, 6 (2014)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
33.
B. Srilatha, P.G. Adaikan, Endocrine milieu and erectile dysfunction: is oestradiol-testosterone imbalance, a risk factor in the elderly? Asian J. Androl. 13, 569–573 (2011)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
34.
P.G. Adaikan, B. Srilatha, Oestrogen-mediated hormonal imbalance precipitates erectile dysfunction. Int. J. Impot. Res. 15, 38–43 (2003)CrossRefPubMed
35.
B. Srilatha, P.G. Adaikan, Y.S. Chong, Relevance of oestradiol-testosterone balance in erectile dysfunction patients’ prognosis. Singapore Med. J. 48, 114–118 (2007)PubMed
36.
L. O’Donnell, K.M. Robertson, M.E. Jones, E.R. Simpson, Estrogen and spermatogenesis. Endocr. Rev. 22, 289–318 (2001)PubMed
37.
38.
I.G. Motofei, The etiology of premature ejaculation starting from a bihormonal model of normal sexual stimulation. Int. J. Impot. Res. 13, 49–50 (2001)CrossRefPubMed
39.
A. Argiolas, M.R. Melis, G.L. Gessa, Oxytocin: an extremely potent inducer of penile erection and yawning in male rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 130, 265–272 (1986)CrossRefPubMed
40.
T.H.C. Krüger, P. Haake, D. Chereath, W. Knapp, O.E. Janssen, M.S. Exton, M. Schedlowski, U. Hartmann, Specificity of the neuroendocrine response to orgasm during sexual arousal in men. J. Endocrinol. 177, 57–64 (2003)CrossRefPubMed
41.
R. Arletti, C. Bazzani, M. Castelli, A. Bertolini, Oxytocin improves male copulatory performance in rats. Horm. Behav. 19, 14–20 (1985)CrossRefPubMed
42.
A.M. Hughes, B.J. Everitt, S.L. Lightman, K. Todd, Oxytocin in the central nervous system and sexual behaviour in male rats. Brain Res. 414, 133–137 (1987)CrossRefPubMed
43.
A. Burri, M. Heinrichs, M. Schedlowski, T.H.C. Kruger, The acute effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on endocrine and sexual function in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 33, 591–600 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
44.
P. Clément, J. Bernabé, S. Compagnie, L. Alexandre, S. McCallum, F. Giuliano, Inhibition of ejaculation by the non-peptide oxytocin receptor antagonist GSK557296: a multi-level site of action. Br. J. Pharmacol. 169, 1477–1485 (2013)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
45.
46.
M.D. Waldinger, Ejaculatio praecox, erectio praecox, and detumescentia praecox as symptoms of a hypertonic state in lifelong premature ejaculation: a new hypothesis. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 121, 189–194 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
47.
G. Corona, E. Mannucci, E.A. Jannini, F. Lotti, V. Ricca, M. Monami, V. Boddi, E. Bandini, G. Balercia, G. Forti, M. Maggi, Hypoprolactinemia: a new clinical syndrome in patients with sexual dysfunction. J. Sex. Med. 6, 1457–1466 (2009)CrossRefPubMed
48.
E. Carosa, S. Di Sante, S. Rossi, A. Castri, F. D’Adamo, G.L. Gravina, P. Ronchi, Z. Kostrouch, S. Dolci, A. Lenzi, E.A. Jannini, Ontogenetic profile of the expression of thyroid hormone receptors in rat and human corpora cavernosa of the penis. J. Sex. Med. 7, 1381–1390 (2010)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
49.
C. Carani, A.M. Isidori, A. Granata, E. Carosa, M. Maggi, A. Lenzi, E.A. Jannini, Multicenter study on the prevalence of sexual symptoms in male hypo- and hyperthyroid patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 6472–6479 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
50.
A. Cihan, N. Murat, O. Demir, G. Aslan, T. Demir, S. Gidener, A.A. Esen, An experimental approach to the interrelationship between hyperthyroidism and ejaculation latency time in male rats. J. Urol. 181, 907–912 (2009)CrossRefPubMed
51.
A. Cahangirov, A. Cihan, N. Murat, O. Demir, G. Aslan, S. Gidener, A.A. Esen, Investigation of the neural target level of hyperthyroidism in premature ejaculation in a rat model of pharmacologically induced ejaculation. J. Sex. Med. 8, 90–96 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
52.
M.D. Waldinger, A.H. Zwinderman, B. Olivier, D.H. Schweitzer, Thyroid-stimulating hormone assessments in a Dutch cohort of 620 men with lifelong premature ejaculation without erectile dysfunction. J. Sex. Med. 2, 865–870 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
53.
G. Corona, V. Ricca, E. Bandini, G. Rastrelli, H. Casale, E.A. Jannini, A. Sforza, G. Forti, E. Mannucci, M. Maggi, SIEDY scale 3, a new instrument to detect psychological component in subjects with erectile dysfunction. J. Sex. Med. 9, 2017–2026 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
54.
G. Corona, L. Petrone, E. Mannucci, E.A. Jannini, R. Mansani, A. Magini, R. Giommi, G. Forti, M. Maggi, Psycho-biological correlates of rapid ejaculation in patients attending an andrologic unit for sexual dysfunctions. Eur. Urol. 46, 615–622 (2004)CrossRefPubMed
55.
A. Cihan, O. Demir, T. Demir, G. Aslan, A. Comlekci, A. Esen, The relationship between premature ejaculation and hyperthyroidism. J. Urol. 181, 1273–1280 (2009)CrossRefPubMed
56.
G. Corona, F.C.W. Wu, G. Forti, D.M. Lee, D.B. O’Connor, T.W. O’Neill, N. Pendleton, G. Bartfai, S. Boonen, F.F. Casanueva, J.D. Finn, A. Giwercman, T.S. Han, I.T. Huhtaniemi, K. Kula, M.E.J. Lean, M. Punab, D. Vanderschueren, E.A. Jannini, E. Mannucci, M. Maggi, EMAS Study Group, Thyroid hormones and male sexual function. Int. J. Androl. 35, 668–679 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
57.
I. Kalaitzidou, M.S. Venetikou, K. Konstadinidis, A.K. Artemiadis, G. Chrousos, C. Darviri, Stress management and erectile dysfunction: a pilot comparative study. Andrologia 46, 698–702 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
58.
Y. Kobori, E. Koh, K. Sugimoto, K. Izumi, K. Narimoto, Y. Maeda, H. Konaka, A. Mizokami, T. Matsushita, T. Iwamoto, M. Namiki, The relationship of serum and salivary cortisol levels to male sexual dysfunction as measured by the International Index of Erectile Function. Int. J. Impot. Res. 21, 207–212 (2009)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
59.
M.J. Vázquez, A. Romero-Ruiz, M. Tena-Sempere, Roles of leptin in reproduction, pregnancy and polycystic ovary syndrome: consensus knowledge and recent developments. Metab. Clin. Exp. (2014)
60.
M. Caprio, E. Fabbrini, A.M. Isidori, A. Aversa, A. Fabbri, Leptin in reproduction. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 12, 65–72 (2001)CrossRefPubMed
61.
S. Aquila, M. Gentile, E. Middea, S. Catalano, C. Morelli, V. Pezzi, S. Andò, Leptin secretion by human ejaculated spermatozoa. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 4753–4761 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
62.
M.R. Nikoobakht, P. Tajik, A.A. Karami, K. Moradi, A. Mortazavi, F. Kosari, premature ejaculation and serum leptin level: a diagnostic case-control study. J. Sex. Med. 5, 2942–2946 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
63.
B. Wang, C. Yang, K. Tang, Serum leptin and 5-hydroxytryptamine measurements for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation. Urology 82, 1336–1340 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
64.
A. Aversa, A. Lenzi, Sexual dysfunction: a practical approach to men with premature ejaculation. Nat. Rev. Urol. 11, 496–498 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
65.
E. Screponi, E. Carosa, S.M. Di Stasi, M. Pepe, G. Carruba, E.A. Jannini, Prevalence of chronic prostatitis in men with premature ejaculation. Urology 58, 198–202 (2001)CrossRefPubMed
66.
E.A. Jannini, C. Simonelli, A. Lenzi, Disorders of ejaculation. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 25, 1006–1019 (2014)CrossRef
67.
M.Q. Mo, L.L. Long, W.L. Xie, S. Chen, W.H. Zhang, C.Q. Luo, L.W. Deng, Sexual dysfunctions and psychological disorders associated with type IIIa chronic prostatitis: a clinical survey in China. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 46, 2255–2261 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
68.
V. Boddi, A.D. Fisher, E. Maseroli, G. Rastrelli, G. Corona, E.A. Jannini, V. Ricca, E. Mannucci, M. Maggi, Lack of sexual privacy affects psychological and marital domains of male sexual dysfunction. J. Sex. Med. 11, 431–438 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
69.
E.A. Jannini, M. Maggi, A. Lenzi, Evaluation of premature ejaculation. J. Sex. Med. 8(Suppl 4), 328–334 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
70.
R. Phillips, Sexual dysfunction: premature ejaculation and female sexual satisfaction. Nat. Rev. Urol. 11, 304 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
71.
A. Burri, F. Giuliano, C. McMahon, H. Porst, Female partner’s perception of premature ejaculation and its impact on relationship breakups, relationship quality, and sexual satisfaction. J. Sex. Med. 11, 2243–2255 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Hormonal correlations of premature ejaculation
Authors
Andrea Sansone
Francesco Romanelli
Emmanuele A. Jannini
Andrea Lenzi
Publication date
01-06-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Endocrine / Issue 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0520-7

Other articles of this Issue 2/2015

Endocrine 2/2015 Go to the issue

Original Article

Effect of a monthly dose of calcidiol in improving vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in HIV-infected patients

Endocrine Methods and Techniques

A comprehensive score to diagnose Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a proposal

Original Article

Vitamin D receptor protein is associated with interleukin-6 in human skeletal muscle

Research Letter

Association between circulating irisin and homocysteine in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Original Article

Time course of IL-15 expression after acute resistance exercise in trained rats: effect of diabetes and skeletal muscle phenotype

Position Statement/Guideline

Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) & Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (AMD) Position Statement

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits