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NeuroMolecular Medicine
Published in: NeuroMolecular Medicine 4/2009

01-12-2009 | Review Paper

From Manganism to Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: A Conceptual Model Based on the Evolution of Exposure

Authors: Roberto G. Lucchini, Christopher J. Martin, Brent C. Doney

Published in: NeuroMolecular Medicine | Issue 4/2009

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Abstract

Manganism is a distinct medical condition from Parkinson’s disease. Manganese exposure scenarios in the last century generally have changed from the acute, high-level exposure conditions responsible for the occurrence of manganism to chronic exposure to much lower levels. Such chronic exposures may progressively extend the site of manganese deposition and toxicity from the globus pallidus to the entire area of the basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra pars compacta involved in Parkinson’s disease. The mechanisms of manganese neurotoxicity from chronic exposure to very low levels are not well understood, but promising information is based on the concept of susceptibility that may place individuals exposed to manganese at a higher risk for developing Parkinsonian disturbances. These conditions include mutations of genes which play important pathogenetic roles in both Parkinsonism and in the regulation of manganese transport and metabolism. Liver function is also important in manganese-related neurotoxicity and sub-clinical impairment may increase the risk of Parkinsonism. The purpose and scope of this report are to explore the literature concerning manganese exposure and potential subclinical effects and biological pathways, impairment, and development of diseases such as Parkinsonism and manganism. Inhalation and ingestion of manganese will be the focus of this report.
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Metadata
Title
From Manganism to Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: A Conceptual Model Based on the Evolution of Exposure
Authors
Roberto G. Lucchini
Christopher J. Martin
Brent C. Doney
Publication date
01-12-2009
Publisher
Humana Press Inc
Published in
NeuroMolecular Medicine / Issue 4/2009
Print ISSN: 1535-1084
Electronic ISSN: 1559-1174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-009-8108-8

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