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Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 2/2011

01-04-2011

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—an Epidemiological and Pathological Review

Authors: Andrea T. Borchers, Christopher Chang, Carl L. Keen, M. Eric Gershwin

Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | Issue 2/2011

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Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) affecting the pulmonary interstitium. Other forms of interstitial lung disease exist, and in some cases, an environmental etiology can be delineated. The diagnosis of IPF is typically established by high-resolution CT scan. IPF tends to have a worse prognosis than other forms of ILD. Familial cases of IPF also exist, suggesting a genetic predisposition; telomerase mutations have been observed to occur in familial IPF, which may also explain the increase in IPF with advancing age. Alveolar epithelial cells are believed to be the primary target of environmental agents that have been putatively associated with IPF. These agents may include toxins, viruses, or the autoantibodies found in collagen vascular diseases. The mechanism of disease is still unclear in IPF, but aberrations in fibroblast differentiation, activation, and proliferation may play a role. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition may also be an important factor in the pathogenesis, as it may lead to accumulation of fibroblasts in the lung and a disruption of normal tissue structure. Abnormalities in other components of the immune system, including T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, as well as the development of ectopic lymphoid tissue, have also been observed to occur in IPF and may play a role in the stimulation of fibrosis that is a hallmark of the disease. It is becoming increasingly clear that the pathogenesis of IPF is indeed a complex and convoluted process that involves numerous cell types and humoral factors.
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Metadata
Title
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—an Epidemiological and Pathological Review
Authors
Andrea T. Borchers
Christopher Chang
Carl L. Keen
M. Eric Gershwin
Publication date
01-04-2011
Publisher
Humana Press Inc
Published in
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology / Issue 2/2011
Print ISSN: 1080-0549
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0267
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-010-8211-5

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