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Published in: Cardiovascular Toxicology 1/2019

01-02-2019

Nano-medicine and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction: Options and Delivery Strategies

Authors: Gaurav Taneja, Akash Sud, Narayan Pendse, Bishnu Panigrahi, Ashish Kumar, Arun K. Sharma

Published in: Cardiovascular Toxicology | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

The endothelium is a thin innermost layer of flat cells which release various mediators including endothelin-1 (ET-1), prostanoids, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF; nitric oxide) to regulate vascular tone. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a key enzyme that generates nitric oxide (NO). NO maintains vascular homeostasis and cardiac functions by influencing major vascular protective properties such as anti-platelet, anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action in vessels. Abnormal endothelial production and release of NO lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) and further leads to pathogenesis in myocardial and other tissues. Numerous pharmacological agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, calcium channel blockers, ET-1 receptor antagonists, insulin sensitizers, antioxidants and supplements like tetrahydrobiopterin, arginine and folate have been implicated in the treatment of VED, but their therapeutic potency was restricted due to some unavoidable adverse effects. The new era with advances in nanotechnology and its ability to target a specific disease, nano-medicine explored an innovative gateway for advanced therapy for VED. The present commentary reveals the various available, pipeline nano-medicine, their interaction with endothelium and in other associated pathological conditions and their delivery strategies for target-specific treatment of VED.
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Metadata
Title
Nano-medicine and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction: Options and Delivery Strategies
Authors
Gaurav Taneja
Akash Sud
Narayan Pendse
Bishnu Panigrahi
Ashish Kumar
Arun K. Sharma
Publication date
01-02-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Cardiovascular Toxicology / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1530-7905
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0259
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-018-9491-x

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