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Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

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Open Access 01-11-2014 | Symposium: 2013 Musculoskeletal Infection Society

Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Has the Era of the Biomarker Arrived?

Authors: Carl Deirmengian, MD, Keith Kardos, PhD, Patrick Kilmartin, Alexander Cameron, Kevin Schiller, Javad Parvizi, MD

Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® | Issue 11/2014

Abstract

Background

The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a serious clinical challenge. There is a pressing need for improved diagnostic testing methods; biomarkers offer one potentially promising approach.

Questions/purposes

We evaluated the diagnostic characteristics of 16 promising synovial fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of PJI.

Methods

Synovial fluid was collected from 95 patients meeting the inclusion criteria of this prospective diagnostic study. All patients were being evaluated for a revision hip or knee arthroplasty, including patients with systemic inflammatory disease and those already receiving antibiotic treatment. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) definition was used to classify 29 PJIs and 66 aseptic joints. Synovial fluid samples were tested by immunoassay for 16 biomarkers optimized for use in synovial fluid. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to assess for diagnostic performance.

Results

Five biomarkers, including human α-defensin 1-3, neutrophil elastase 2, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and lactoferrin, correctly predicted the MSIS classification of all patients in this study, with 100% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PJI. An additional eight biomarkers demonstrated excellent diagnostic strength, with an area under the curve of greater than 0.9.

Conclusions

Synovial fluid biomarkers exhibit a high accuracy in diagnosing PJI, even when including patients with systemic inflammatory disease and those receiving antibiotic treatment. Considering that these biomarkers match the results of the more complex MSIS definition of PJI, we believe that synovial fluid biomarkers can be a valuable addition to the methods utilized for the diagnosis of infection.

Level of Evidence

Level II, diagnostic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Title: Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Has the Era of the Biomarker Arrived?
Authors: Carl Deirmengian, MD
Keith Kardos, PhD
Patrick Kilmartin
Alexander Cameron
Kevin Schiller
Javad Parvizi, MD
Publication date: 01-11-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® / Issue 11/2014
Print ISSN: 0009-921X
Electronic ISSN: 1528-1132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-3543-8

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Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Has the Era of the Biomarker Arrived?

Abstract

Background

Questions/purposes

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Level of Evidence

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Questions/purposes

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Level of Evidence

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