Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Oncology Reports 6/2021

01-06-2021 | Human Papillomavirus | Gynecologic Cancers (J Brown and RW Naumann, Section Editors)

Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer

Authors: Dennis Mauricio, Burak Zeybek, Joan Tymon-Rosario, Justin Harold, Alessandro D. Santin

Published in: Current Oncology Reports | Issue 6/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review aims to summarize the current immunotherapy studies and the potential targeted therapies showing promise in the treatment of cervical cancer.

Recent Findings

There are promising ongoing monotherapy and combination therapy trials using different immune checkpoint inhibitors, poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, tumor angiogenesis inhibitors (i.e., bevacizumab), antibody-drug conjugates, therapeutic vaccines, and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (adoptive immunotherapy). Some of these novel modalities are also being evaluated in combination with standard platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. At this time, pembrolizumab is approved for the treatment of relapsed or metastatic programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive cervical cancer after frontline chemotherapy treatment.

Summary

Multiple novel therapeutic modalities are emerging as safe and effective for the treatment of cervical cancer patients. Development and participation in investigative treatments can provide benefit and improve outcomes in cervical cancer.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492 Erratum in: CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Jul;70(4):313.CrossRefPubMed Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3322/​caac.​21492 Erratum in: CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Jul;70(4):313.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975 to 2003. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute; 2006. Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975 to 2003. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute; 2006.
8.
go back to reference Long HJ III, Bundy BN, Grendys EC Jr, et al. Randomized phase III trial of cisplatin with or without topotecan in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4626–33.CrossRefPubMed Long HJ III, Bundy BN, Grendys EC Jr, et al. Randomized phase III trial of cisplatin with or without topotecan in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4626–33.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Monk BJ, Sill MW, McMeekin DS, et al. Phase III trial of four cisplatin-containing doublet combinations in stage IVB, recurrent, or persistent cervical carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:4649–55.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Monk BJ, Sill MW, McMeekin DS, et al. Phase III trial of four cisplatin-containing doublet combinations in stage IVB, recurrent, or persistent cervical carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:4649–55.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Moore DH, Blessing JA, McQuellon RP, et al. Phase III study of cisplatin with or without paclitaxel in stage IVB, recurrent, or persistent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3113–9.CrossRefPubMed Moore DH, Blessing JA, McQuellon RP, et al. Phase III study of cisplatin with or without paclitaxel in stage IVB, recurrent, or persistent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3113–9.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference de Sanjose S, Quint WG, Alemany L, Geraets DT, Klaustermeier JE, Lloveras B, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:1048–56.CrossRefPubMed de Sanjose S, Quint WG, Alemany L, Geraets DT, Klaustermeier JE, Lloveras B, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:1048–56.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Varga A, Piha-Paul SA, Ott PA, et al. Pembrolizumab in patients (pts) with PD-L1-positive (PD-L1+) advanced ovarian cancer: updated analysis of KEYNOTE-028. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:abstr 5513.CrossRef Varga A, Piha-Paul SA, Ott PA, et al. Pembrolizumab in patients (pts) with PD-L1-positive (PD-L1+) advanced ovarian cancer: updated analysis of KEYNOTE-028. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:abstr 5513.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Lyford-Pike S, Peng S, Young GD, Taube JM, Westra WH, Akpeng B, et al. Evidence for a role of the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in immune resistance of HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2013;73:1733–41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lyford-Pike S, Peng S, Young GD, Taube JM, Westra WH, Akpeng B, et al. Evidence for a role of the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in immune resistance of HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2013;73:1733–41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Mezache L, Paniccia B, Nyinawabera A, Nuovo GJ. Enhanced expression of PD L1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancers. Mod Pathol. 2015;28:1594–602.CrossRefPubMed Mezache L, Paniccia B, Nyinawabera A, Nuovo GJ. Enhanced expression of PD L1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancers. Mod Pathol. 2015;28:1594–602.CrossRefPubMed
16.••
go back to reference Chung HC, Ros W, Delord JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in previously treated advanced cervical cancer: results from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:1470 The findings in KEYNOTE-158 led to the FDA approval of pembrolizumab for the treatment of relapsed or metastatic cervical cancer after frontline chemotherapy treatment who had tumors with PD-L1 expression.CrossRefPubMed Chung HC, Ros W, Delord JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in previously treated advanced cervical cancer: results from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:1470 The findings in KEYNOTE-158 led to the FDA approval of pembrolizumab for the treatment of relapsed or metastatic cervical cancer after frontline chemotherapy treatment who had tumors with PD-L1 expression.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Frenel JS, Le Tourneau C, O’Neil B, et al. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in advanced, programmed death ligand 1-positive cervical cancer: results from the phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:4035–41.CrossRefPubMed Frenel JS, Le Tourneau C, O’Neil B, et al. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in advanced, programmed death ligand 1-positive cervical cancer: results from the phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:4035–41.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Hollebecque A, Meyer T, Nadine Moore K: et al: an open-label, multicohort, phase 1/2 study of nivolumab in patients with virus-associated tumors (CheckMate 358): efficacy and safety in recurrent or metastatic cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, June 2-6, 2017 (abstr 5504). Hollebecque A, Meyer T, Nadine Moore K: et al: an open-label, multicohort, phase 1/2 study of nivolumab in patients with virus-associated tumors (CheckMate 358): efficacy and safety in recurrent or metastatic cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, June 2-6, 2017 (abstr 5504).
19.•
go back to reference Santin AD, Deng W, Frumovitz M, Buza N, Bellone S, Huh W, et al. Phase II evaluation of nivolumab in the treatment of persistent or recurrent cervical cancer (NCT02257528/NRG-GY002). Gynecol Oncol. 2020;157(1):161–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.12.034This NRG-GY002 trial evaluated the activity of single agent nivolumab in persistent or recurrent cervical cancer patients. Nivolumab had acceptable safety profile but low antitumor activity in cervical cancer. Combination treatment with immune check-point inhibitors may be necessary to increase clinical responses in cervical cancer.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Santin AD, Deng W, Frumovitz M, Buza N, Bellone S, Huh W, et al. Phase II evaluation of nivolumab in the treatment of persistent or recurrent cervical cancer (NCT02257528/NRG-GY002). Gynecol Oncol. 2020;157(1):161–6. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​ygyno.​2019.​12.​034This NRG-GY002 trial evaluated the activity of single agent nivolumab in persistent or recurrent cervical cancer patients. Nivolumab had acceptable safety profile but low antitumor activity in cervical cancer. Combination treatment with immune check-point inhibitors may be necessary to increase clinical responses in cervical cancer.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
23.•
go back to reference Naumann RW, Oaknin A, Meyer T, et al: Efficacy and safety of nivolumab + ipilimumab in patients with recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer. ESMO Congress 2019. Abstract LBA62. Presented September 29, 2019. This abstract reported the interim results suggesting clinical benefit from two regimens of combination nivolumab and ipilimumab for the recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer regardless of PD-L1 status. Naumann RW, Oaknin A, Meyer T, et al: Efficacy and safety of nivolumab + ipilimumab in patients with recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer. ESMO Congress 2019. Abstract LBA62. Presented September 29, 2019. This abstract reported the interim results suggesting clinical benefit from two regimens of combination nivolumab and ipilimumab for the recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer regardless of PD-L1 status.
24.
go back to reference O’Malley DM, Oaknin A, Monk BJ, Leary A, Selle F, Alexandre J, et al. LBA34 Single-agent anti-PD-1 balstilimab or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 zalifrelimab for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) cervical cancer (CC): preliminary results of two independent phase II trials. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(Supplement 4):S1164–5, ISSN 0923-7534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2264.CrossRef O’Malley DM, Oaknin A, Monk BJ, Leary A, Selle F, Alexandre J, et al. LBA34 Single-agent anti-PD-1 balstilimab or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 zalifrelimab for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) cervical cancer (CC): preliminary results of two independent phase II trials. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(Supplement 4):S1164–5, ISSN 0923-7534. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​annonc.​2020.​08.​2264.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Grau JF, Farinas-Madrid L, Oaknin A. A randomized phase III trial of platinum chemotherapy plus paclitaxel with bevacizumab and atezolizumab versus platinum chemotherapy plus paclitaxel and bevacizumab in metastatic (stage IVB), persistent, or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix: the BEATcc study (ENGOT-Cx10/GEICO 68-C/JGOG1084/GOG-3030). Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2020;30(1):139–43. https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-000880.CrossRefPubMed Grau JF, Farinas-Madrid L, Oaknin A. A randomized phase III trial of platinum chemotherapy plus paclitaxel with bevacizumab and atezolizumab versus platinum chemotherapy plus paclitaxel and bevacizumab in metastatic (stage IVB), persistent, or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix: the BEATcc study (ENGOT-Cx10/GEICO 68-C/JGOG1084/GOG-3030). Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2020;30(1):139–43. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1136/​ijgc-2019-000880.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Fujiwara K, Shapira-Frommer R, Alexandre J, Monk B, Fehm T, Colombo N, et al. 265TiP - KEYNOTE-826: A phase III randomized study of chemotherapy with or without pembrolizumab for first-line treatment of persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(9):ix89–90 ISSN 0923-7534. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz426.040.CrossRef Fujiwara K, Shapira-Frommer R, Alexandre J, Monk B, Fehm T, Colombo N, et al. 265TiP - KEYNOTE-826: A phase III randomized study of chemotherapy with or without pembrolizumab for first-line treatment of persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(9):ix89–90 ISSN 0923-7534. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​annonc/​mdz426.​040.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Lorusso D, Colombo N, Coleman R, et al. 164 ENGOT-cx11/GOG 3047/KEYNOTE-A18: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind study of pembrolizumab with chemoradiotherapy in patients with high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2020;30:A71. Lorusso D, Colombo N, Coleman R, et al. 164 ENGOT-cx11/GOG 3047/KEYNOTE-A18: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind study of pembrolizumab with chemoradiotherapy in patients with high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2020;30:A71.
29.
go back to reference Fong PC, Yap TA, Boss DS, Carden CP, Mergui-Roelvink M, Gourley C, et al. Poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibition: frequent durable responses in BRCA carrier ovarian cancer correlating with platinum-free interval. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2512–9.CrossRefPubMed Fong PC, Yap TA, Boss DS, Carden CP, Mergui-Roelvink M, Gourley C, et al. Poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibition: frequent durable responses in BRCA carrier ovarian cancer correlating with platinum-free interval. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2512–9.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Pujade-Lauraine E, Ledermann JA, Selle F, Gebski V, Penson RT, Oza AM, et al. Olaparib tablets as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation (SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1274–84.CrossRefPubMed Pujade-Lauraine E, Ledermann JA, Selle F, Gebski V, Penson RT, Oza AM, et al. Olaparib tablets as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation (SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1274–84.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Fukushima M, Kuzuya K, Ota K, Ikai K. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in human cervical cancer cell-diagnostic cytological usefulness. Cancer Lett. 1981;14:227–36.CrossRefPubMed Fukushima M, Kuzuya K, Ota K, Ikai K. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in human cervical cancer cell-diagnostic cytological usefulness. Cancer Lett. 1981;14:227–36.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Hassumi-Fukasawa MK, Miranda-Camargo FA, Zanetti BR, Galano DF, Ribeiro-Silva A, Soares EG. Expression of BAG-1 and PARP-1 in precursor lesions and invasive cervical cancer associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Pathol Oncol Res. 2012;18:929–37.CrossRefPubMed Hassumi-Fukasawa MK, Miranda-Camargo FA, Zanetti BR, Galano DF, Ribeiro-Silva A, Soares EG. Expression of BAG-1 and PARP-1 in precursor lesions and invasive cervical cancer associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Pathol Oncol Res. 2012;18:929–37.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Bianchi A, Lopez S, Altwerger G, Bellone S, Bonazzoli E, Zammataro L, et al. PARP-1 activity (PAR) determines the sensitivity of cervical cancer to olaparib. Gynecol Oncol. 2019;155:144–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bianchi A, Lopez S, Altwerger G, Bellone S, Bonazzoli E, Zammataro L, et al. PARP-1 activity (PAR) determines the sensitivity of cervical cancer to olaparib. Gynecol Oncol. 2019;155:144–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
go back to reference Michels J, Vitale I, Galluzzi L, Adam J, Olaussen KA, Kepp O, et al. Cisplatin resistance associated with PARP hyperactivation. Cancer Res. 2013;73:2271–80.CrossRefPubMed Michels J, Vitale I, Galluzzi L, Adam J, Olaussen KA, Kepp O, et al. Cisplatin resistance associated with PARP hyperactivation. Cancer Res. 2013;73:2271–80.CrossRefPubMed
36.••
go back to reference Tewari KS, Sill MW, Penson RT, Huang H, Ramondetta LM, Landrum LM, et al. Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer: final overall survival and adverse event analysis of a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial (Gynecologic Oncology Group 240). Lancet. 2017;390(10103):1654 This is the final analysis of GOG 240 trial, showing the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy resulted in significant improvements in OS and PFS compared to chemotherapy alone.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tewari KS, Sill MW, Penson RT, Huang H, Ramondetta LM, Landrum LM, et al. Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer: final overall survival and adverse event analysis of a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial (Gynecologic Oncology Group 240). Lancet. 2017;390(10103):1654 This is the final analysis of GOG 240 trial, showing the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy resulted in significant improvements in OS and PFS compared to chemotherapy alone.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Coleman RL, Lorusso D, Gennigens C, et al. Tisotumab vedotin in previously treated recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer: Results from the phase II innovaTV 204/GOG-3023/ENGOT-cx6 study. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(Supplement 4):S1162–3.CrossRef Coleman RL, Lorusso D, Gennigens C, et al. Tisotumab vedotin in previously treated recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer: Results from the phase II innovaTV 204/GOG-3023/ENGOT-cx6 study. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(Supplement 4):S1162–3.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference • Huh WK, Brady WE, Fracasso PM, Dizon DS, Powell MA, Monk BJ, et al. Phase II study of axalimogene filolisbac (ADXS-HPV) for platinum-refractory cervical carcinoma: an NRG oncology/gynecologic oncology group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2020;158(3):562–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.493This trial reported therapeutic vaccine, axalimogene filolisbac, in patients with progressed cervical cancer a 12-month OS of 38%, median OS of 6.1 months and median PFS of 2.8 months.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral • Huh WK, Brady WE, Fracasso PM, Dizon DS, Powell MA, Monk BJ, et al. Phase II study of axalimogene filolisbac (ADXS-HPV) for platinum-refractory cervical carcinoma: an NRG oncology/gynecologic oncology group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2020;158(3):562–9. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​ygyno.​2020.​06.​493This trial reported therapeutic vaccine, axalimogene filolisbac, in patients with progressed cervical cancer a 12-month OS of 38%, median OS of 6.1 months and median PFS of 2.8 months.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
go back to reference Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Torrano V, Diouf O, Ku S, Hazrat Y, et al. Sustained complete responses in patients with lymphoma receiving autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane proteins. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:798–808.CrossRefPubMed Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Torrano V, Diouf O, Ku S, Hazrat Y, et al. Sustained complete responses in patients with lymphoma receiving autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane proteins. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:798–808.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Heslop HE, Slobod KS, Pule MA, Hale GA, Rousseau A, Smith CA, et al. Longterm outcome of EBV-specific T cell infusions to prevent or treat EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease in transplant recipients. Blood. 2010;115:925–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Heslop HE, Slobod KS, Pule MA, Hale GA, Rousseau A, Smith CA, et al. Longterm outcome of EBV-specific T cell infusions to prevent or treat EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease in transplant recipients. Blood. 2010;115:925–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
50.
go back to reference Robbins PF, Morgan RA, Feldman SA, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Dudley ME, et al. Tumor regression in patients with metastatic synovial cell sarcoma and melanoma using genetically engineered lymphocytes reactive with NY-ESO-1. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:917–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Robbins PF, Morgan RA, Feldman SA, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Dudley ME, et al. Tumor regression in patients with metastatic synovial cell sarcoma and melanoma using genetically engineered lymphocytes reactive with NY-ESO-1. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:917–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
go back to reference Rosenberg SA, Yang JC, Sherry RM, et al. Durable complete responses in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic melanoma using T cell transfer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:45504557.CrossRef Rosenberg SA, Yang JC, Sherry RM, et al. Durable complete responses in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic melanoma using T cell transfer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:45504557.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Stevanovic S, Draper LM, Langhan MM, et al. Complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer after treatment with human papillomavirus-targeted tumor-infiltrating T cells. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1543–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stevanovic S, Draper LM, Langhan MM, et al. Complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer after treatment with human papillomavirus-targeted tumor-infiltrating T cells. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1543–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
go back to reference Stevanovic S, Helman SR, Wunderlich JR, et al. A phase II study of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for human papillomavirus-associated epithelial cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25:1486–93.CrossRefPubMed Stevanovic S, Helman SR, Wunderlich JR, et al. A phase II study of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for human papillomavirus-associated epithelial cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25:1486–93.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Jazaeri AA, et al. Safety and efficacy of adoptive cell transfer using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (LN-145) for treatment of recurrent, metastatic, or persistent cervical carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15_suppl):2538.CrossRef Jazaeri AA, et al. Safety and efficacy of adoptive cell transfer using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (LN-145) for treatment of recurrent, metastatic, or persistent cervical carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15_suppl):2538.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer
Authors
Dennis Mauricio
Burak Zeybek
Joan Tymon-Rosario
Justin Harold
Alessandro D. Santin
Publication date
01-06-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Oncology Reports / Issue 6/2021
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-021-01052-8

Other articles of this Issue 6/2021

Current Oncology Reports 6/2021 Go to the issue

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NS Reed, Section Editor)

Update on Histological Reporting Changes in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Integrative Care (C Lammersfeld, Section Editor)

Integrative Approaches to Minimize Peri-operative Symptoms

Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine