Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Current HIV/AIDS Reports
Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports 3/2017

01-06-2017 | Co-infections and Comorbidity (S Naggie, Section Editor)

HCV Cure and Reinfection Among People With HIV/HCV Coinfection and People Who Inject Drugs

Authors: Marianne Martinello, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Jason Grebely, Gregory J. Dore, Gail V. Matthews

Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Issue 3/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Highly effective, well-tolerated interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (DAA) have revolutionised hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutics, with the opportunity for broad treatment scale-up among marginalised or “high-risk” populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID) and people with HIV/HCV coinfection.

Recent Findings

Concern that HCV reinfection may compromise HCV treatment outcomes is sometimes cited as a reason for not offering treatment to current and former PWID. However, the incidence of reinfection following interferon-based treatment for chronic HCV is low among PWID. Reinfection rates in HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) are varied, with high incidence reported in some cohorts. Mathematical modelling suggests that substantial reductions in HCV incidence and prevalence could be achieved with targeted DAA therapy among those at the highest risk of ongoing transmission.

Summary

This review will summarise the recent literature on DAA efficacy in PWID and people with HIV/HCV coinfection, discuss the individual- and population-level impact of DAA treatment scale-up and reinfection, and highlight ongoing and future research questions in expanding HCV care and treatment to those populations at high risk of ongoing HCV transmission.
Literature
1.
Dore GJ, Feld JJ. Hepatitis C virus therapeutic development: in pursuit of “perfectovir”. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2015;60(12):1829–36.CrossRef
2.
Feld JJ, Jacobson IM, Hezode C, Asselah T, Ruane PJ, Gruener N, et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(27):2599–607.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Naggie S, Cooper C, Saag M, Workowski K, Ruane P, Towner WJ, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for HCV in patients coinfected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(8):705–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Gane EJ, Schwabe C, Hyland RH, Yang Y, Svarovskaia E, Stamm LM, et al. Efficacy of the combination of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and the NS3/4A protease inhibitor GS-9857 in treatment-naive or previously treated patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 3 infections. Gastroenterology. 2016;
5.
Cousien A, Tran VC, Deuffic-Burban S, Jauffret-Roustide M, Dhersin JS, Yazdanpanah Y. Hepatitis C treatment as prevention of viral transmission and liver-related morbidity in persons who inject drugs. Hepatology. 2016;63(4):1090–101.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Martin NK, Thornton A, Hickman M, Sabin C, Nelson M, Cooke GS, et al. Can hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antiviral treatment as prevention reverse the HCV epidemic among men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom? Epidemiological and modeling insights. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2016;62(9):1072–80.CrossRef
7.
Martin NK, Vickerman P, Dore GJ, Grebely J, Miners A, Cairns J, et al. Prioritization of HCV treatment in the direct-acting antiviral era: an economic evaluation. J Hepatol. 2016;65(1):17–25.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Scott N, McBryde ES, Thompson A, Doyle JS, Hellard ME. Treatment scale-up to achieve global HCV incidence and mortality elimination targets: a cost-effectiveness model. Gut. 2016;
9.
Asher AK, Portillo CJ, Cooper BA, Dawson-Rose C, Vlahov D, Page KA. Clinicians’ views of hepatitis C virus treatment candidacy with direct-acting antiviral regimens for people who inject drugs. Substance use & misuse. 2016;51(9):1218–23.CrossRef
10.
Cunningham EB, Applegate TL, Lloyd AR, Dore GJ, Grebely J. Mixed HCV infection and reinfection in people who inject drugs—impact on therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(4):218–30.CrossRefPubMed
11.
•• Simmons B, Saleem J, Hill A, Riley RD, Cooke GS. Risk of late relapse or reinfection with hepatitis C virus after achieving a sustained virological response: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2016;62(6):683–94. Meta-analysis of HCV recurrence, both late relapse and reinfection, following treatment-induced SVR in three different populations, defined by their risk of reinfection.CrossRef
12.
Aspinall EJ, Corson S, Doyle JS, Grebely J, Hutchinson SJ, Dore GJ, et al. Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection among people who are actively injecting drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S80–9.CrossRef
13.
Lambers FA, Prins M, Thomas X, Molenkamp R, Kwa D, Brinkman K, et al. Alarming incidence of hepatitis C virus re-infection after treatment of sexually acquired acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM. AIDS (London, England). 2011;25(17):F21–7.CrossRef
14.
Martin TC, Martin NK, Hickman M, Vickerman P, Page EE, Everett R, et al. Hepatitis C virus reinfection incidence and treatment outcome among HIV-positive MSM. AIDS. 2013;27(16):2551–7.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Ingiliz P, Martin TC, Rodger A, Stellbrink HJ, Mauss S, Boesecke C, et al. HCV reinfection incidence and spontaneous clearance rates in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in western Europe. J Hepatol. 2016;
16.
Martin NK, Hickman M, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg DJ, Vickerman P. Combination interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe programs, and opiate substitution therapy. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S39–45.CrossRef
17.
Larney S, Grebely J, Hickman M, De Angelis D, Dore GJ, Degenhardt L. Defining populations and injecting parameters among people who inject drugs: implications for the assessment of hepatitis C treatment programs. The International journal on drug policy. 2015;26(10):950–7.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Ward C, Lee V. Experience of acute hepatitis C and HIV co-infection in an inner city clinic in the UK. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17(4 Suppl 3):19639.PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Yaphe S, Bozinoff N, Kyle R, Shivkumar S, Pai NP, Klein M. Incidence of acute hepatitis C virus infection among men who have sex with men with and without HIV infection: a systematic review. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88(7):558–64.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Sulkowski MS, Naggie S, Lalezari J, Fessel WJ, Mounzer K, Shuhart M, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C in patients with HIV coinfection. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2014;312(4):353–61.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Molina JM, Orkin C, Iser DM, Zamora FX, Nelson M, Stephan C, et al. Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients co-infected with HIV (PHOTON-2): a multicentre, open-label, non-randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2015;385(9973):1098–106.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Osinusi A, Townsend K, Kohli A, Nelson A, Seamon C, Meissner EG, et al. Virologic response following combined ledipasvir and sofosbuvir administration in patients with HCV genotype 1 and HIV co-infection. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2015;313(12):1232–9.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Wyles DL, Ruane PJ, Sulkowski MS, Dieterich D, Luetkemeyer A, Morgan TR, et al. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for HCV in patients coinfected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(8):714–25.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Sulkowski MS, Eron JJ, Wyles D, Trinh R, Lalezari J, Wang C, et al. Ombitasvir, paritaprevir co-dosed with ritonavir, dasabuvir, and ribavirin for hepatitis C in patients co-infected with HIV-1: a randomized trial. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2015;313(12):1223–31.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Sulkowski M, Hezode C, Gerstoft J, Vierling JM, Mallolas J, Pol S, et al. Efficacy and safety of 8 weeks versus 12 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 mono-infection and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection (C-WORTHY): a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9973):1087–97.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Rockstroh JK, Nelson M, Katlama C, Lalezari J, Mallolas J, Bloch M, et al. Efficacy and safety of grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) in patients with hepatitis C virus and HIV co-infection (C-EDGE CO-INFECTION): a non-randomised, open-label trial. The lancet HIV. 2015;2(8):e319–27.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Wyles D, Brau N, Kottilil S, Daar ES, Ruane P, Workowski K, Luetkemeyer A, et al. Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir for the Treatment of HCV in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1: an Open-Label, Phase 3 Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017.
28.
Puoti M, Cooper C, Sulkowski MS, Foster GR, Berg T, Villa E, et al. ABT-450/r/ombitasvir plus dasabuvir with or without ribavirin in HCV genotype 1-infected patients receiving stable opioid substitution treatment: pooled analysis of efficacy and safety in phase 2 and phase 3 trials. Hepatology. 2014;60:1135a–6a.CrossRef
29.
Lalezari J, Sullivan JG, Varunok P, Galen E, Kowdley KV, Rustgi V, et al. Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir plus ribavirin in HCV genotype 1-infected patients on methadone or buprenorphine. J Hepatol. 2015;63(2):364–9.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Grebely J, Mauss S, Brown A, Bronowicki JP, Puoti M, Wyles D, et al. Efficacy and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with and without ribavirin in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection receiving opioid substitution therapy: analysis of phase 3 ION trials. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2016;
31.
Grebely J, Dore GJ, Zeuzem S, Aspinall RJ, Fox R, Han L, et al. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving opioid substitution therapy: analysis of phase 3 ASTRAL trials. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2016;
32.
•• Dore GJ, Altice F, Litwin AH, Dalgard O, Gane EJ, Shibolet O, et al. Elbasvir–grazoprevir to treat hepatitis C virus infection in persons receiving opioid agonist therapy. Annals of internal medicine. 2016. Phase III trial of elbasvir/grazoprevir in people receiving opioid agonist therapy, the majority of whom had evidence of ongoing drug use. High adherence, efficacy, and safety demonstrated regardless of on-treatment drug use.
33.
Saeed S, Strumpf EC, Walmsley SL, Rollet-Kurhajec K, Pick N, Martel-Laferriere V, et al. How generalizable are the results from trials of direct antiviral agents to people coinfected with HIV/HCV in the real world? Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2016;62(7):919–26.CrossRef
34.
Zeuzem S, Ghalib R, Reddy KR, Pockros PJ, Ben Ari Z, Zhao Y, et al. Grazoprevir-elbasvir combination therapy for treatment-naive cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1, 4, or 6 infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(1):1–13.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Ioannou GN, Beste LA, Chang MF, Green PK, Lowey E, Tsui JI, et al. Effectiveness of sofosbuvir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, or paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir regimens for treatment of patients with hepatitis C in the Veterans Affairs National Health Care System. Gastroenterology. 2016.
36.
Afdhal NH, Bacon B, Dieterich D, Flamm SL, Kowdley KV, Lee Y, et al. Failure with all-oral DAA regimens: real-world experience from the TRIO network [LB-17]. San Francisco: AASLD The Liver Meeting; 2015.
37.
Sulkowski MS, Vargas HE, Di Bisceglie AM, Kuo A, Reddy KR, Lim JK, et al. Effectiveness of simeprevir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, in real-world patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(2):419–29.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Christensen S, Mauss S, Hueppe D, Schewe K, Lutz T, Rockstroh JK, et al. Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for eight weeks (SL8) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV co-infection with genotype (GT)1 and 4 in clinical practice—results from the German hepatitis C cohort (GECCO) [ABSTRACT 1081]. Hepatology. 2015;62(1 (suppl)):740A.
39.
Hawkins C, Grant J, Ammerman LR, Palella F, McLaughlin M, Green R. et al. High rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure using direct-acting antivirals in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients: a real-world perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;
40.
Sogni P, Gilbert C, Lacombe K, Piroth L, Rosenthal E, Miailhes P, et al. All-oral direct-acting antiviral regimens in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients with cirrhosis are efficient and safe: real-life results from the prospective ANRS CO13-HEPAVIH cohort. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2016;
41.
Milazzo L, Lai A, Calvi E, Ronzi P, Micheli V, Binda F, et al. Direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and HCV/HIV-coinfected patients: real-life safety and efficacy. HIV Med. 2016;
42.
Afdhal NH, Serfaty L. Cohort studies and registries in the treatment of hepatitis C virus: the impact of real-life effectiveness. Gastroenterology. 2016;
43.
Del Bello D, Cha A, Sorbera M, Bichoupan K, Levine C, Doyle E, et al. Real-world sustained virologic response rates of sofosbuvir-containing regimens in patients coinfected with hepatitis C and HIV. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2016;62(12):1497–504.CrossRef
44.
Monje-Agudo P, Castro-Iglesias A, Rivero-Juárez A, Martínez-Marcos F, Ortega-González E, Real LM, et al. Impact of HIV infection on sustained virological response to treatment against hepatitis C virus with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34(10):1929–36.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Carrat F, Bani-Sadr F, Pol S, Rosenthal E, Lunel-Fabiani F, Benzekri A, et al. Pegylated interferon alfa-2b vs standard interferon alfa-2b, plus ribavirin, for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2004;292(23):2839–48.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Norton BL, Fleming J, Steinman M, Yu K, Deluca J, Cunningham CO, et al. High HCV cure rates for drug users treated with DAAs at an urban primary care clinic conference on retroviruses and opportunisitic infections. Boston; 2016.
47.
Schitz A, Moser S, Marchart K, Haltmayer H, Gschwantler M. Direct observed therapy of chronic hepatitis C with interferon-free all-oral regimens at a low-threshold drug treatment facility—a new concept for treatment of patients with borderline compliance receiving opioid substitution therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(6):903–5.CrossRefPubMed
48.
• Hagan H, Jordan AE, Neurer J, Cleland CM. Incidence of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. AIDS (London, England). 2015;29(17):2335–45. Meta-analysis of HCV incidence and reinfection in HIV-positive MSM who deny lifetime injecting drug use. Demonstrates high reinfection incidence in this population, but analysis pooled from only 2 retrospective acute HCV cohorts.
49.
Midgard H, Bjoro B, Maeland A, Konopski Z, Kileng H, Damas JK, et al. Hepatitis C reinfection after sustained virological response. J Hepatol. 2016;64(5):1020–6.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Weir A, McLeod A, Innes H, Valerio H, Aspinall EJ, Goldberg DJ, et al. Hepatitis C reinfection following treatment induced viral clearance among people who have injected drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;165:53–60.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Pineda JA, Nunez-Torres R, Tellez F, Mancebo M, Garcia F, Merchante N, et al. Hepatitis C virus reinfection after sustained virological response in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. The Journal of infection. 2015;71(5):571–7.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Conway B, Wang J, Wong L, Alenezi O, Tossonian H. HCV reinfection in high-risk illicit drug users. Vancouver: 3rd International Symposium on Hepatitis Care in Substance Users; 2013.
53.
Deshaies L. Treatment of hepatitis C in active intravenous drug users (IDUS): re-infection rate in TACTIC cohort. Suchtmed. 2013;15(4):262–3.
54.
Edlin BR, Carden MR, Getter EV, Talal AH, Aden B, Goli S, et al. Hepatitis C treatment in active injection drug users [ABSTRACT]. Hepatology. 2013;58(S1):1091A–168A.CrossRef
55.
Hilsden RJ, Macphail G, Grebely J, Conway B, Lee SS. Directly observed pegylated interferon plus self-administered ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in people actively using drugs: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S90–6.CrossRef
56.
Marco A, Esteban JI, Sole C, da Silva A, Ortiz J, Roget M, et al. Hepatitis C virus reinfection among prisoners with sustained virological response after treatment for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2013;59(1):45–51.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Ruzić M, Fabri M, Preveden T, Kiralj K, Mikić S, Vukadinov T. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in injecting drug users—a 5-year follow-up. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2013;70(8):723–7.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Grady BP, Vanhommerig JW, Schinkel J, Weegink CJ, Bruisten SM, Lindenburg CE, et al. Low incidence of reinfection with the hepatitis C virus following treatment in active drug users in Amsterdam. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24(11):1302–7.PubMed
59.
Manolakopoulos S, Kranidioti H, Karatapanis S, Tsirogianni E, Goulis J, Deutsch M, et al. Hepatitis C virus reinfection following sustained virological response in intravenous drug users [ABSTRACT]. J Hepatol. 2012;56:S532.CrossRef
60.
Grebely J, Pham ST, Matthews GV, Petoumenos K, Bull RA, Yeung B, et al. Hepatitis C virus reinfection and superinfection among treated and untreated participants with recent infection. Hepatology. 2012;55(4):1058–69.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
61.
Martinello M, Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Gane E, Hellard M, Shaw D, Sasadeusz J, et al. HCV reinfection incidence among individuals treated for recent infection. J Viral Hepat 2016. doi:10.​1111/​jvh.​12666.
62.
Backmund M, Meyer K, Edlin BR. Infrequent reinfection after successful treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2004;39(10):1540–3.CrossRef
63.
Grebely J, Knight E, Ngai T, Genoway KA, Raffa JD, Storms M, et al. Reinfection with hepatitis C virus following sustained virological response in injection drug users. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25(7):1281–4.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Currie SL, Ryan JC, Tracy D, Wright TL, George S, McQuaid R, et al. A prospective study to examine persistent HCV reinfection in injection drug users who have previously cleared the virus. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;93(1–2):148–54.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Jordan AE, Perlman DC, Neurer J, Smith DJ, Des Jarlais DC, Hagan H. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV+ men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of STD & AIDS. 2016. Meta-analysis of HCV incidence and reinfection in HIV-positive MSM who deny lifetime injecting drug use. Demonstrates high reinfection incidence in this population, but analysis pooled from only two retrospective acute HCV cohorts.
66.
Wandeler G, Gsponer T, Bregenzer A, Gunthard HF, Clerc O, Calmy A, et al. Hepatitis C virus infections in the Swiss HIV cohort study: a rapidly evolving epidemic. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2012;55(10):1408–16.CrossRef
67.
Danta M, Brown D, Bhagani S, Pybus OG, Sabin CA, Nelson M, et al. Recent epidemic of acute hepatitis C virus in HIV-positive men who have sex with men linked to high-risk sexual behaviours. AIDS (London, England). 2007;21(8):983–91.CrossRef
68.
Gambotti L, Batisse D, Colin-de-Verdiere N, Delaroque-Astagneau E, Desenclos JC, Dominguez S, et al. Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV positive men who have sex with men in Paris, France, 2001-2004. Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles. European communicable disease bulletin. 2005;10(5):115–7.
69.
Hasse B, Ledergerber B, Hirschel B, Vernazza P, Glass TR, Jeannin A, et al. Frequency and determinants of unprotected sex among HIV-infected persons: the Swiss HIV cohort study. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2010;51(11):1314–22.CrossRef
70.
Breskin A, Drobnik A, Pathela P, Chan C, Braunstein S, Bornschlegel K, et al. Factors associated with hepatitis C infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men with no reported injection drug use in New York City, 2000-2010. Sex Transm Dis. 2015;42(7):382–6.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Apers L, Vanden Berghe W, De Wit S, Kabeya K, Callens S, Buyze J, et al. Risk factors for HCV acquisition among HIV-positive MSM in Belgium. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(5):585–93.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Gamage DG, Read TR, Bradshaw CS, Hocking JS, Howley K, Chen MY, et al. Incidence of hepatitis-C among HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a sexual health service: a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:39.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
73.
Sacks-Davis R, Aitken CK, Higgs P, Spelman T, Pedrana AE, Bowden S, et al. High rates of hepatitis C virus reinfection and spontaneous clearance of reinfection in people who inject drugs: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e80216.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Page K, Hahn JA, Evans J, Shiboski S, Lum P, Delwart E, et al. Acute hepatitis C virus infection in young adult injection drug users: a prospective study of incident infection, resolution, and reinfection. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2009;200(8):1216–26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
75.
McDonald SA, Hutchinson SJ, Cameron SO, Innes HA, McLeod A, Goldberg DJ. Examination of the risk of reinfection with hepatitis C among injecting drug users who have been tested in Glasgow. The International journal on drug policy. 2012;23(5):353–7.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Matthews GV, Pham ST, Hellard M, Grebely J, Zhang L, Oon A, et al. Patterns and characteristics of hepatitis C transmission clusters among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the Australian trial in acute hepatitis C. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2011;52(6):803–11.CrossRef
77.
Hickman M, De Angelis D, Vickerman P, Hutchinson S, Martin NK. Hepatitis C virus treatment as prevention in people who inject drugs: testing the evidence. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2015;28(6):576–82.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Martin NK, Foster GR, Vilar J, Ryder S, Cramp ME, Gordon F, et al. HCV treatment rates and sustained viral response among people who inject drugs in seven UK sites: real world results and modelling of treatment impact. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(4):399–408.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zahnd C, Salazar-Vizcaya L, Dufour JF, Mullhaupt B, Wandeler G, Kouyos R, et al. Modelling the impact of deferring HCV treatment on liver-related complications in HIV coinfected men who have sex with men. J Hepatol. 2016;65(1):26–32.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Razavi H. Reducing a country’s HCV-disease burden. Sydney: The 4th International Symposium on Hepatitis in Substance Users (INHSU 2015); 2015.
81.
White B, Dore GJ, Lloyd AR, Rawlinson WD, Maher L. Opioid substitution therapy protects against hepatitis C virus acquisition in people who inject drugs: the HITS-c study. Med J Aust. 2014;201(6):326–9.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Nolan S, Dias Lima V, Fairbairn N, Kerr T, Montaner J, Grebely J, et al. The impact of methadone maintenance therapy on hepatitis C incidence among illicit drug users. Addiction. 2014;109(12):2053–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Tsui JI, Evans JL, Lum PJ, Hahn JA, Page K. Association of opioid agonist therapy with lower incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in young adult injection drug users. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(12):1974–81.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Turner KM, Hutchinson S, Vickerman P, Hope V, Craine N, Palmateer N, et al. The impact of needle and syringe provision and opiate substitution therapy on the incidence of hepatitis C virus in injecting drug users: pooling of UK evidence. Addiction. 2011;106(11):1978–88.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Coffin PO, Rowe C, Santos GM. Novel interventions to prevent HIV and HCV among persons who inject drugs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015;12(1):145–63.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Salazar-Vizcaya L, Kouyos RD, Zahnd C, Wandeler G, Battegay M, Darling KE, et al. Hepatitis C virus transmission among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: modeling the effect of behavioral and treatment interventions. Hepatology. 2016;
87.
Golub SA, Kowalczyk W, Weinberger CL, Parsons JT. Preexposure prophylaxis and predicted condom use among high-risk men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;54(5):548–55.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
88.
McFaul K, Maghlaoui A, Nzuruba M, Farnworth S, Foxton M, Anderson M, et al. Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV-negative men who have sex with men. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(6):535–8.CrossRefPubMed
89.
90.
European Association for Study of L. EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2015. J Hepatol. 2015;63(1):199–236.CrossRef
91.
Grebely J, Robaeys G, Bruggmann P, Aghemo A, Backmund M, Bruneau J, et al. Recommendations for the management of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs. The International journal on drug policy. 2015;26(10):1028–38.CrossRefPubMed
92.
WHO. Guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with hepatitis C infection. Geneva, Switzerland; 2014.
93.
Alavi M, Spelman T, Matthews GV, Haber PS, Day C, van Beek I, et al. Injecting risk behaviours following treatment for hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: the Australian trial in acute hepatitis C. The International journal on drug policy. 2015;26(10):976–83.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
94.
Dukers NH, Goudsmit J, de Wit JB, Prins M, Weverling GJ, Coutinho RA. Sexual risk behaviour relates to the virological and immunological improvements during highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. AIDS (London, England). 2001;15(3):369–78.CrossRef
95.
Johnson WD, Diaz RM, Flanders WD, Goodman M, Hill AN, Holtgrave D, et al. Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2008;3:CD001230.
96.
Barua S, Greenwald R, Grebely J, Dore GJ, Swan T, Taylor LE. Restrictions for Medicaid reimbursement of sofosbuvir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(3):215–23.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
HCV Cure and Reinfection Among People With HIV/HCV Coinfection and People Who Inject Drugs
Authors
Marianne Martinello
Behzad Hajarizadeh
Jason Grebely
Gregory J. Dore
Gail V. Matthews
Publication date
01-06-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Issue 3/2017
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Electronic ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-017-0358-8
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits