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Current Diabetes Reports
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports 7/2022

Open Access 20-05-2022 | Obesity | Other Forms of Diabetes and Its Complications (B Wojeck and H Yaggi, Section Editors)

The Clash of Two Epidemics: the Relationship Between Opioids and Glucose Metabolism

Authors: Laura L. Koekkoek, Luna L. van der Gun, Mireille J. Serlie, Susanne E. la Fleur

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 7/2022

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

We are currently in the midst of a global opioid epidemic. Opioids affect many physiological processes, but one side effect that is not often taken into consideration is the opioid-induced alteration in blood glucose levels.

Recent Findings

This review shows that the vast majority of studies report that opioid stimulation increases blood glucose levels. In addition, plasma levels of the endogenous opioid β-endorphin rise in response to low blood glucose. In contrast, in hyperglycaemic baseline conditions such as in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), opioid stimulation lowers blood glucose levels. Furthermore, obesity itself alters sensitivity to opioids, changes opioid receptor expression and increases plasma β-endorphin levels.

Summary

Thus, opioid stimulation can have various side effects on glycaemia that should be taken into consideration upon prescribing opioid-based medication, and more research is needed to unravel the interaction between obesity, glycaemia and opioid use.
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Metadata
Title
The Clash of Two Epidemics: the Relationship Between Opioids and Glucose Metabolism
Authors
Laura L. Koekkoek
Luna L. van der Gun
Mireille J. Serlie
Susanne E. la Fleur
Publication date
20-05-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 7/2022
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-022-01473-0

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