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Current Diabetes Reports
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports 11/2019

01-11-2019 | Obesity | Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (M-E Patti, Section Editor)

De Novo Lipogenesis as a Source of Second Messengers in Adipocytes

Authors: Wen-Yu Hsiao, David A. Guertin

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 11/2019

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although adipose tissue allows storage of excess calories in periods of overnutrition, in obesity, adipose tissue metabolism becomes dysregulated and can promote metabolic diseases. This review discusses recent advances in understandings how adipocyte metabolism impacts metabolic homeostasis.

Recent Findings

The ability of adipocytes to synthesize lipids from glucose is a marker of metabolic fitness, e.g., low de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in adipocytes correlates with insulin resistance in obesity. Adipocyte DNL may promote synthesis of special “insulin sensitizing” signaling lipids that act hormonally. However, each metabolic intermediate in the DNL pathway (i.e., citrate, acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and palmitate) also has second messenger functions. Mounting evidence suggests these signaling functions may also be important for maintaining healthy adipocytes.

Summary

While adipocyte DNL contributes to lipid storage, lipid precursors may have additional second messenger functions critical for maintaining adipocyte health, and thus systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Metadata
Title
De Novo Lipogenesis as a Source of Second Messengers in Adipocytes
Authors
Wen-Yu Hsiao
David A. Guertin
Publication date
01-11-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 11/2019
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1264-9

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