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Current Diabetes Reports

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01-11-2019 | Obesity (KM Gadde, Section Editor)

Effect of Over- and Underfeeding on Body Composition and Related Metabolic Functions in Humans

Authors: Manfred James Müller, Anja Bosy-Westphal

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 11/2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Methodological limitations of body composition methods limit the validity of changes in body composition that are used to interpret metabolic outcome parameters of weight loss and weight gain.

Recent Findings

Direct assessment of energy balance is necessary for the assessment of early weight changes (i.e., within the 1st week of weight change), whereas body composition analysis with a high accuracy and a low minimal detectable change is recommended to assess ongoing changes. The sequence of underfeeding and overfeeding impacts the method inherent assumptions, and the considerable day-to-day and inter-individual variance in body composition changes is a challenge to the precision of methods. Weight loss-associated changes in body composition do not resemble their changes with subsequent hypercaloric re-feeding. Individual body components are related to specific metabolic functions where the structure–function relationships change with changes in energy balance.

Summary

Analysis of structure–function relationships in response to weight changes needs to address (a) the validity, precision, and different outcome parameters of body composition methods and (b) the variance of results taking into account study protocols and the dynamics of weight changes. As for future studies, repeated measurements of body weight, body composition, and metabolic functions are needed before, during, and after weight changes focusing on the intra- and interindividual variances of weight change rather than on mean data only.

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Title: Effect of Over- and Underfeeding on Body Composition and Related Metabolic Functions in Humans
Authors: Manfred James Müller
Anja Bosy-Westphal
Publication date: 01-11-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 11/2019
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1221-7

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Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

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