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Current Diabetes Reports
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports 9/2019

01-09-2019 | Insulins | Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (M-E Patti, Section Editor)

The Beta Cell in Type 2 Diabetes

Authors: Ashley A. Christensen, Maureen Gannon

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 9/2019

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review summarizes the alterations in the β-cell observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on changes in β-cell identity and mass and changes associated with metabolism and intracellular signaling.

Recent Findings

In the setting of T2D, β-cells undergo changes in gene expression, reverting to a more immature state and in some cases transdifferentiating into other islet cell types. Alleviation of metabolic stress, ER stress, and maladaptive prostaglandin signaling could improve β-cell function and survival.

Summary

The β-cell defects leading to T2D likely differ in different individuals and include variations in β-cell mass, development, β-cell expansion, responses to ER and oxidative stress, insulin production and secretion, and intracellular signaling pathways. The recent recognition that some β-cells undergo dedifferentiation without dying in T2D suggests strategies to revive these cells and rejuvenate their functionality.
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Metadata
Title
The Beta Cell in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors
Ashley A. Christensen
Maureen Gannon
Publication date
01-09-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 9/2019
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1196-4

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