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Current Diabetes Reports
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports 11/2018

01-11-2018 | Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes (A Pugliese and SJ Richardson, Section Editors)

The Role of Accessory Cells in Islet Homeostasis

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 11/2018

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Abstract

Purposes of Review

Scattered throughout the pancreas, the endocrine islets rely on neurovascular support for signal relay to regulate hormone secretion and for maintaining tissue homeostasis. The islet accessory cells (or components) of neurovascular tissues include the endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, neurons (nerve fibers), and glia. Research results derived from experimental diabetes and islet transplantation indicate that the accessory cells are reactive in islet injury and can affect islet function and homeostasis in situ or in an ectopic environment.

Recent Findings

Recent advances in cell labeling and tissue imaging have enabled investigation of islet accessory cells to gain insights into their network structures, functions, and remodeling in disease.

Summary

It has become clear that in diabetes, the islet neurovascular tissues are not just bystanders damaged in neuropathy and vascular complications; rather, they participate in islet remodeling in response to changes in the microenvironment. Because of the fundamental differences between humans and animal models in neuroinsular cytoarchitecture and cell proliferation, examination of islet accessory cells in clinical specimens and donor pancreases warrants further attention.
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Metadata
Title
The Role of Accessory Cells in Islet Homeostasis
Publication date
01-11-2018
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 11/2018
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1096-z

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