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At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
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Current Diabetes Reports
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports 9/2016

01-09-2016 | Microvascular Complications—Neuropathy (R Pop-Busui, Section Editor)

Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment

Authors: Lindsay A. Zilliox, Krish Chadrasekaran, Justin Y. Kwan, James W. Russell

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 9/2016

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Abstract

Both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with reduced performance on multiple domains of cognitive function and with evidence of abnormal structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive deficits may occur at the very earliest stages of diabetes and are further exacerbated by the metabolic syndrome. The duration of diabetes and glycemic control may have an impact on the type and severity of cognitive impairment, but as yet we cannot predict who is at greatest risk of developing cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of cognitive impairment is multifactorial, although dysfunction in each interconnecting pathway ultimately leads to discordance in metabolic signaling. The pathophysiology includes defects in insulin signaling, autonomic function, neuroinflammatory pathways, mitochondrial (Mt) metabolism, the sirtuin-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1α (SIRT-PGC-1α) axis, and Tau signaling. Several promising therapies have been identified in pre-clinical studies, but remain to be validated in clinical trials.
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Metadata
Title
Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment
Authors
Lindsay A. Zilliox
Krish Chadrasekaran
Justin Y. Kwan
James W. Russell
Publication date
01-09-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 9/2016
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0775-x

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