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Published in: Current Cardiology Reports 12/2017

01-12-2017 | Echocardiography (JM Gardin and AH Waller, Section Editors)

Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis: State of the Art

Authors: Luis Afonso, Anupama Kottam, Vivek Reddy, Anirudh Penumetcha

Published in: Current Cardiology Reports | Issue 12/2017

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In this review, we examine the central role of echocardiography in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of infective endocarditis (IE).

Recent Findings

2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography TEE have complementary roles and are unequivocally the mainstay of diagnostic imaging in IE. The advent of 3D and multiplanar imaging have greatly enhanced the ability of the imager to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Technologic advances in 3D imaging allow for the reconstruction of realistic anatomic images that in turn have positively impacted IE-related surgical planning and intervention. CT and metabolic imaging appear to be emerging as promising ancillary diagnostic tools that could be deployed in select scenarios to circumvent some of the limitations of echocardiography.

Summary

Our review summarizes the indispensable and central role of various echocardiographic modalities in the management of infective endocarditis. The complementary role of 2D TTE and TEE are discussed and areas where 3D TEE offers incremental value highlighted. An algorithm summarizing a contemporary approach to the workup of endocarditis is provided and major societal guidelines for timing of surgery are reviewed.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis: State of the Art
Authors
Luis Afonso
Anupama Kottam
Vivek Reddy
Anirudh Penumetcha
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Cardiology Reports / Issue 12/2017
Print ISSN: 1523-3782
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3170
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-017-0928-9

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