01-03-2021 | Cystitis | BPS/Interstitial Cystitis (D Castro-Diaz and Y Igawa, Section Editors)
Biomarkers for Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis
Published in: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports | Issue 1/2021
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Purpose of Review
In this manuscript, the literature published in the past 5 years about BPS/IC biomarkers was reviewed. Topics include BPS/IC biomarkers, the classical BPS/IC diagnostic, clinical outcomes as a new concept of BPS/IC phenotyping biomarkers, BPS/IC urinary biomarkers, BPS/IC bladder tissue biomarkers and BPS/IC biomarkers outside the bladder.
Recent Findings
The importance of patients’ phenotyping and sub-grouping emerged as a way of finding new BPS/IC biomarkers and treatment. Also, the use of non-invasive methodologies and of artificial intelligence approaches has been gaining momentum in BPS/IC biomarkers studies.
Summary
Biomarker research points to the need of following an approach based on a systemic theory instead of a bladder-centred theory. Also, the importance of sample size and the choice of controls to validate BPS/IC biomarkers have been elevated.