Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2/2015

Open Access 01-02-2015 | RHINOSINUSITIS (J MULLOL, SECTION EDITOR)

Molecular Mechanisms of Nasal Epithelium in Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis

Authors: Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Cornelis M. van Drunen, Wytske J. Fokkens, Korneliuz Golebski, Pirkko Mattila, Sakari Joenvaara, Jutta Renkonen, Risto Renkonen

Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | Issue 2/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis are multifactorial upper airway diseases with high prevalence. Several genetic and environmental factors are proposed to predispose to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory upper airway diseases. Still, the molecular mechanisms leading toward the onset and progression of upper airway diseases are largely unknown. The upper airway epithelium has an important role in sensing the environment and regulating the inhaled air. As such, it links environmental insults to the host immunity. Human sinonasal epithelium serves as an excellent target for observing induced early-phase events, in vivo, and with a systems biological perspective. Actually, increasing number of investigations have provided evidence that altered homeostasis in the sinonasal epithelium might be important in the chronic upper airway inflammation.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Bousquet J, Schunemann HJ, Samolinski B, Demoly P, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bachert C, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): achievements in 10 years and future needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(5):1049–62.PubMedCrossRef Bousquet J, Schunemann HJ, Samolinski B, Demoly P, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bachert C, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): achievements in 10 years and future needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(5):1049–62.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, Bachert C, Alobid I, Baroody F, et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl. 2012 Mar;(23)(23):3 p preceding table of contents, 1–298. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, Bachert C, Alobid I, Baroody F, et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl. 2012 Mar;(23)(23):3 p preceding table of contents, 1–298.
3.
go back to reference Simpson A, Tan VY, Winn J, Svensen M, Bishop CM, Heckerman DE, et al. Beyond atopy: multiple patterns of sensitization in relation to asthma in a birth cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181(11):1200–6.PubMedCrossRef Simpson A, Tan VY, Winn J, Svensen M, Bishop CM, Heckerman DE, et al. Beyond atopy: multiple patterns of sensitization in relation to asthma in a birth cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181(11):1200–6.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Zhang H, Patil V, Raza A, Karmaus W, Ewart S, et al. Identifying the heterogeneity of young adult rhinitis through cluster analysis in the Isle of Wight birth cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;29. Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Zhang H, Patil V, Raza A, Karmaus W, Ewart S, et al. Identifying the heterogeneity of young adult rhinitis through cluster analysis in the Isle of Wight birth cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;29.
5.
go back to reference Juhn YJ. Risks for infection in patients with asthma (or other atopic conditions): is asthma more than a chronic airway disease? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(2):247–257.e3.PubMedCrossRef Juhn YJ. Risks for infection in patients with asthma (or other atopic conditions): is asthma more than a chronic airway disease? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(2):247–257.e3.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference van Rijswijk JB, Blom HM, Fokkens WJ. Idiopathic rhinitis, the ongoing quest. Allergy. 2005;60(12):1471–81.PubMedCrossRef van Rijswijk JB, Blom HM, Fokkens WJ. Idiopathic rhinitis, the ongoing quest. Allergy. 2005;60(12):1471–81.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Andiappan AK, Puan KJ, Lee B, Nardin A, Poidinger M, Connolly J, et al. Allergic airway diseases in a tropical urban environment are driven by dominant mono-specific sensitization against house dust mites. Allergy. 2014;69(4):501–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Andiappan AK, Puan KJ, Lee B, Nardin A, Poidinger M, Connolly J, et al. Allergic airway diseases in a tropical urban environment are driven by dominant mono-specific sensitization against house dust mites. Allergy. 2014;69(4):501–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Larenas-Linnemann D, Michels A, Dinger H, Shah-Hosseini K, Mosges R, Arias-Cruz A, et al. Allergen sensitization linked to climate and age, not to intermittent-persistent rhinitis in a cross-sectional cohort study in the (sub)tropics. Clin Transl Allergy. 2014;4:20. eCollection 2014.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Larenas-Linnemann D, Michels A, Dinger H, Shah-Hosseini K, Mosges R, Arias-Cruz A, et al. Allergen sensitization linked to climate and age, not to intermittent-persistent rhinitis in a cross-sectional cohort study in the (sub)tropics. Clin Transl Allergy. 2014;4:20. eCollection 2014.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Bousquet J, Fokkens W, Burney P, Durham SR, Bachert C, Akdis CA, et al. Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA2LEN paper. Allergy. 2008;63(7):842–53.PubMedCrossRef Bousquet J, Fokkens W, Burney P, Durham SR, Bachert C, Akdis CA, et al. Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA2LEN paper. Allergy. 2008;63(7):842–53.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Scarupa MD, Kaliner MA. Nonallergic rhinitis, with a focus on vasomotor rhinitis: clinical importance, differential diagnosis, and effective treatment recommendations. World Allergy Organ J. 2009;2(3):20–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Scarupa MD, Kaliner MA. Nonallergic rhinitis, with a focus on vasomotor rhinitis: clinical importance, differential diagnosis, and effective treatment recommendations. World Allergy Organ J. 2009;2(3):20–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Rondon C, Campo P, Togias A, Fokkens WJ, Durham SR, Powe DG, et al. Local allergic rhinitis: concept, pathophysiology, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(6):1460–7.PubMedCrossRef Rondon C, Campo P, Togias A, Fokkens WJ, Durham SR, Powe DG, et al. Local allergic rhinitis: concept, pathophysiology, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(6):1460–7.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Van Gerven L, Alpizar YA, Wouters MM, Hox V, Hauben E, Jorissen M, et al. Capsaicin treatment reduces nasal hyperreactivity and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V, receptor 1 (TRPV1) overexpression in patients with idiopathic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(5):1332–9. 1339.e1-3.PubMedCrossRef Van Gerven L, Alpizar YA, Wouters MM, Hox V, Hauben E, Jorissen M, et al. Capsaicin treatment reduces nasal hyperreactivity and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V, receptor 1 (TRPV1) overexpression in patients with idiopathic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(5):1332–9. 1339.e1-3.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Hastan D, Fokkens WJ, Bachert C, Newson RB, Bislimovska J, Bockelbrink A, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe—an underestimated disease. A GA(2)LEN study. Allergy. 2011;66(9):1216–23.PubMedCrossRef Hastan D, Fokkens WJ, Bachert C, Newson RB, Bislimovska J, Bockelbrink A, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe—an underestimated disease. A GA(2)LEN study. Allergy. 2011;66(9):1216–23.PubMedCrossRef
14.
15.
go back to reference Mattila P, Renkonen J, Toppila-Salmi S, Parviainen V, Joenvaara S, Alff-Tuomala S, et al. Time-series nasal epithelial transcriptomics during natural pollen exposure in healthy subjects and allergic patients. Allergy. 2010;65(2):175–83.PubMedCrossRef Mattila P, Renkonen J, Toppila-Salmi S, Parviainen V, Joenvaara S, Alff-Tuomala S, et al. Time-series nasal epithelial transcriptomics during natural pollen exposure in healthy subjects and allergic patients. Allergy. 2010;65(2):175–83.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Poole A, Urbanek C, Eng C, Schageman J, Jacobson S, O’Connor BP, et al. Dissecting childhood asthma with nasal transcriptomics distinguishes subphenotypes of disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(3):670–8.e12.PubMedCrossRef Poole A, Urbanek C, Eng C, Schageman J, Jacobson S, O’Connor BP, et al. Dissecting childhood asthma with nasal transcriptomics distinguishes subphenotypes of disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(3):670–8.e12.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Shaw JL, Fakhri S, Citardi MJ, Porter PC, Corry DB, Kheradmand F, et al. IL-33-responsive innate lymphoid cells are an important source of IL-13 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(4):432–9.PubMedCrossRef Shaw JL, Fakhri S, Citardi MJ, Porter PC, Corry DB, Kheradmand F, et al. IL-33-responsive innate lymphoid cells are an important source of IL-13 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(4):432–9.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Trankner D, Hahne N, Sugino K, Hoon MA, Zuker C. Population of sensory neurons essential for asthmatic hyperreactivity of inflamed airways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(31):11515–20.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Trankner D, Hahne N, Sugino K, Hoon MA, Zuker C. Population of sensory neurons essential for asthmatic hyperreactivity of inflamed airways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(31):11515–20.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Portelli MA, Hodge E, Sayers I. Genetic risk factors for the development of allergic disease identified by genome wide association. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014 Apr 26. Portelli MA, Hodge E, Sayers I. Genetic risk factors for the development of allergic disease identified by genome wide association. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014 Apr 26.
20.
go back to reference Davila I, Mullol J, Ferrer M, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, et al. Genetic aspects of allergic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009;19 Suppl 1:25–31.PubMed Davila I, Mullol J, Ferrer M, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, et al. Genetic aspects of allergic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009;19 Suppl 1:25–31.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Veskitkul J, Vichyanond P, Visitsunthorn N, Jirapongsananuruk O. The development of allergic rhinitis in children previously diagnosed as nonallergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27(1):43–7.PubMedCrossRef Veskitkul J, Vichyanond P, Visitsunthorn N, Jirapongsananuruk O. The development of allergic rhinitis in children previously diagnosed as nonallergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27(1):43–7.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Delagrand A, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Burg S, Allano G, Gohler-Desmonts C, Lebreton JP, et al. Nasal polyposis: is there an inheritance pattern? A single family study. Rhinology. 2008;46(2):125–30.PubMed Delagrand A, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Burg S, Allano G, Gohler-Desmonts C, Lebreton JP, et al. Nasal polyposis: is there an inheritance pattern? A single family study. Rhinology. 2008;46(2):125–30.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Ramasamy A, Curjuric I, Coin LJ, Kumar A, McArdle WL, Imboden M, et al. A genome-wide meta-analysis of genetic variants associated with allergic rhinitis and grass sensitization and their interaction with birth order. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):996–1005.PubMedCrossRef Ramasamy A, Curjuric I, Coin LJ, Kumar A, McArdle WL, Imboden M, et al. A genome-wide meta-analysis of genetic variants associated with allergic rhinitis and grass sensitization and their interaction with birth order. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):996–1005.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Andiappan AK, de Wang Y, Anantharaman R, Parate PN, Suri BK, Low HQ, et al. Genome-wide association study for atopy and allergic rhinitis in a Singapore Chinese population. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19719.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Andiappan AK, de Wang Y, Anantharaman R, Parate PN, Suri BK, Low HQ, et al. Genome-wide association study for atopy and allergic rhinitis in a Singapore Chinese population. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19719.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
25.•
go back to reference Hinds DA, McMahon G, Kiefer AK, Do CB, Eriksson N, Evans DM, et al. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of self-reported allergy identifies shared and allergy-specific susceptibility loci. Nat Genet. 2013;45(8):907–11. GWAS meta-analysis of AR associating loci.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hinds DA, McMahon G, Kiefer AK, Do CB, Eriksson N, Evans DM, et al. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of self-reported allergy identifies shared and allergy-specific susceptibility loci. Nat Genet. 2013;45(8):907–11. GWAS meta-analysis of AR associating loci.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
26.•
go back to reference Bunyavanich S, Schadt EE, Himes BE, Lasky-Su J, Qiu W, Lazarus R, et al. Integrated genome-wide association, coexpression network, and expression single nucleotide polymorphism analysis identifies novel pathway in allergic rhinitis. BMC Med Genomics. 2014;7(1):48. eSNPs and pathway analyses of AR associating loci; importance of mitochondrial pathways.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bunyavanich S, Schadt EE, Himes BE, Lasky-Su J, Qiu W, Lazarus R, et al. Integrated genome-wide association, coexpression network, and expression single nucleotide polymorphism analysis identifies novel pathway in allergic rhinitis. BMC Med Genomics. 2014;7(1):48. eSNPs and pathway analyses of AR associating loci; importance of mitochondrial pathways.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Bonnelykke K, Matheson MC, Pers TH, Granell R, Strachan DP, Alves AC, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies ten loci influencing allergic sensitization. Nat Genet. 2013;45(8):902–6.PubMedCrossRef Bonnelykke K, Matheson MC, Pers TH, Granell R, Strachan DP, Alves AC, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies ten loci influencing allergic sensitization. Nat Genet. 2013;45(8):902–6.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Besnard V, Wert SE, Kaestner KH, Whitsett JA. Stage-specific regulation of respiratory epithelial cell differentiation by Foxa1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005;289(5):L750–9.PubMedCrossRef Besnard V, Wert SE, Kaestner KH, Whitsett JA. Stage-specific regulation of respiratory epithelial cell differentiation by Foxa1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005;289(5):L750–9.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Zhao P, Zhong W, Ying X, Yao B, Yuan Z, Fu J, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of anti-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-transformed and normal human bronchial epithelial G0/G1 cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;186(2):166–73.PubMedCrossRef Zhao P, Zhong W, Ying X, Yao B, Yuan Z, Fu J, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of anti-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-transformed and normal human bronchial epithelial G0/G1 cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;186(2):166–73.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Kim DY, Fukuyama S, Nagatake T, Takamura K, Kong IG, Yokota Y, et al. Implications of nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in the development of allergic responses in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. Allergy. 2012;67(4):502–9.PubMedCrossRef Kim DY, Fukuyama S, Nagatake T, Takamura K, Kong IG, Yokota Y, et al. Implications of nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in the development of allergic responses in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. Allergy. 2012;67(4):502–9.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Damera G, Xia B, Sachdev GP. IL-4 induced MUC4 enhancement in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro is mediated through JAK-3 selective signaling. Respir Res. 2006;7:39.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Damera G, Xia B, Sachdev GP. IL-4 induced MUC4 enhancement in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro is mediated through JAK-3 selective signaling. Respir Res. 2006;7:39.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Hackett NR, Shaykhiev R, Walters MS, Wang R, Zwick RK, Ferris B, et al. The human airway epithelial basal cell transcriptome. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e18378.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hackett NR, Shaykhiev R, Walters MS, Wang R, Zwick RK, Ferris B, et al. The human airway epithelial basal cell transcriptome. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e18378.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Bogefors J, Rydberg C, Uddman R, Fransson M, Mansson A, Benson M, et al. Nod1, Nod2 and Nalp3 receptors, new potential targets in treatment of allergic rhinitis? Allergy. 2010;65(10):1222–6.PubMedCrossRef Bogefors J, Rydberg C, Uddman R, Fransson M, Mansson A, Benson M, et al. Nod1, Nod2 and Nalp3 receptors, new potential targets in treatment of allergic rhinitis? Allergy. 2010;65(10):1222–6.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Nilsson D, Henmyr V, Hallden C, Sall T, Kull I, Wickman M, et al. Replication of genomewide associations with allergic sensitization and allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2014;69(11):1506–14.PubMedCrossRef Nilsson D, Henmyr V, Hallden C, Sall T, Kull I, Wickman M, et al. Replication of genomewide associations with allergic sensitization and allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2014;69(11):1506–14.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Aguilera-Aguirre L, Bacsi A, Saavedra-Molina A, Kurosky A, Sur S, Boldogh I. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases allergic airway inflammation. J Immunol. 2009;183(8):5379–87.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Aguilera-Aguirre L, Bacsi A, Saavedra-Molina A, Kurosky A, Sur S, Boldogh I. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases allergic airway inflammation. J Immunol. 2009;183(8):5379–87.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Bosse Y, Bacot F, Montpetit A, Rung J, Qu HQ, Engert JC, et al. Identification of susceptibility genes for complex diseases using pooling-based genome-wide association scans. Hum Genet. 2009;125(3):305–18.PubMedCrossRef Bosse Y, Bacot F, Montpetit A, Rung J, Qu HQ, Engert JC, et al. Identification of susceptibility genes for complex diseases using pooling-based genome-wide association scans. Hum Genet. 2009;125(3):305–18.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Zhang Y, Endam LM, Filali-Mouhim A, Zhao L, Desrosiers M, Han D, et al. Polymorphisms in RYBP and AOAH genes are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in a Chinese population: a replication study. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39247.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zhang Y, Endam LM, Filali-Mouhim A, Zhao L, Desrosiers M, Han D, et al. Polymorphisms in RYBP and AOAH genes are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in a Chinese population: a replication study. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39247.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Tournas A, Mfuna L, Bosse Y, Filali-Mouhim A, Grenier JP, Desrosiers M. A pooling-based genome-wide association study implicates the p73 gene in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;39(2):188–95.PubMed Tournas A, Mfuna L, Bosse Y, Filali-Mouhim A, Grenier JP, Desrosiers M. A pooling-based genome-wide association study implicates the p73 gene in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;39(2):188–95.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Li CW, Shi L, Zhang KK, Li TY, Lin ZB, Lim MK, et al. Role of p63/p73 in epithelial remodeling and their response to steroid treatment in nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):765–72.e1-2.PubMedCrossRef Li CW, Shi L, Zhang KK, Li TY, Lin ZB, Lim MK, et al. Role of p63/p73 in epithelial remodeling and their response to steroid treatment in nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):765–72.e1-2.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Mfuna-Endam L, Zhang Y, Desrosiers MY. Genetics of rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2011;11(3):236–46.PubMedCrossRef Mfuna-Endam L, Zhang Y, Desrosiers MY. Genetics of rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2011;11(3):236–46.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Golebski K, Roschmann KI, Toppila-Salmi S, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Renkonen R, et al. The multi-faceted role of allergen exposure to the local airway mucosa. Allergy. 2013;68(2):152–60.PubMedCrossRef Golebski K, Roschmann KI, Toppila-Salmi S, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Renkonen R, et al. The multi-faceted role of allergen exposure to the local airway mucosa. Allergy. 2013;68(2):152–60.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Georas SN, Rezaee F. Epithelial barrier function: at the frontline of asthma immunology and allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(3):509–20.PubMedCrossRef Georas SN, Rezaee F. Epithelial barrier function: at the frontline of asthma immunology and allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(3):509–20.PubMedCrossRef
43.•
go back to reference Post S, Nawijn MC, Jonker MR, Kliphuis N, van den Berge M, van Oosterhout AJ, et al. House dust mite-induced calcium signaling instigates epithelial barrier dysfunction and CCL20 production. Allergy. 2013;68(9):1117–25. Ca(2+) signaling plays a crucial role in barrier dysfunction and the pro-inflammatory response of bronchial epithelium upon HDM exposure.PubMed Post S, Nawijn MC, Jonker MR, Kliphuis N, van den Berge M, van Oosterhout AJ, et al. House dust mite-induced calcium signaling instigates epithelial barrier dysfunction and CCL20 production. Allergy. 2013;68(9):1117–25. Ca(2+) signaling plays a crucial role in barrier dysfunction and the pro-inflammatory response of bronchial epithelium upon HDM exposure.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Hackett TL, de Bruin HG, Shaheen F, van den Berge M, van Oosterhout AJ, Postma DS, et al. Caveolin-1 controls airway epithelial barrier function. Implications for asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;49(4):662–71.PubMedCrossRef Hackett TL, de Bruin HG, Shaheen F, van den Berge M, van Oosterhout AJ, Postma DS, et al. Caveolin-1 controls airway epithelial barrier function. Implications for asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;49(4):662–71.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Clarke DL, Davis NH, Campion CL, Foster ML, Heasman SC, Lewis AR, et al. Dectin-2 sensing of house dust mite is critical for the initiation of airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol. 2014;7(3):558–67.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Clarke DL, Davis NH, Campion CL, Foster ML, Heasman SC, Lewis AR, et al. Dectin-2 sensing of house dust mite is critical for the initiation of airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol. 2014;7(3):558–67.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Joenvaara S, Mattila P, Renkonen J, Makitie A, Toppila-Salmi S, Lehtonen M, et al. Caveolar transport through nasal epithelium of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(1):135–142.e1-21.PubMedCrossRef Joenvaara S, Mattila P, Renkonen J, Makitie A, Toppila-Salmi S, Lehtonen M, et al. Caveolar transport through nasal epithelium of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(1):135–142.e1-21.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Roschmann KI, Luiten S, Jonker MJ, Breit TM, Fokkens WJ, Petersen A, et al. Timothy grass pollen extract-induced gene expression and signalling pathways in airway epithelial cells. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011;41(6):830–41.PubMedCrossRef Roschmann KI, Luiten S, Jonker MJ, Breit TM, Fokkens WJ, Petersen A, et al. Timothy grass pollen extract-induced gene expression and signalling pathways in airway epithelial cells. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011;41(6):830–41.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Wagener AH, Zwinderman AH, Luiten S, Fokkens WJ, Bel EH, Sterk PJ, et al. dsRNA-induced changes in gene expression profiles of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from patients with asthma, rhinitis and controls. Respir Res. 2014;15:9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Wagener AH, Zwinderman AH, Luiten S, Fokkens WJ, Bel EH, Sterk PJ, et al. dsRNA-induced changes in gene expression profiles of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from patients with asthma, rhinitis and controls. Respir Res. 2014;15:9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
49.•
go back to reference Golebski K, Luiten S, van Egmond D, de Groot E, Roschmann KI, Fokkens WJ, et al. High degree of overlap between responses to a virus and to the house dust mite allergen in airway epithelial cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e87768. Epithelial cells responses to the HDM-allergen and a virus strongly resemble both in gene expression and in protein level explaining why these two responses may affect each other.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Golebski K, Luiten S, van Egmond D, de Groot E, Roschmann KI, Fokkens WJ, et al. High degree of overlap between responses to a virus and to the house dust mite allergen in airway epithelial cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e87768. Epithelial cells responses to the HDM-allergen and a virus strongly resemble both in gene expression and in protein level explaining why these two responses may affect each other.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Blumenthal MN. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in asthma and allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012;108(2):69–73.PubMedCrossRef Blumenthal MN. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in asthma and allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012;108(2):69–73.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Raedler D, Schaub B. Immune mechanisms and development of childhood asthma. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(8):647–56.PubMedCrossRef Raedler D, Schaub B. Immune mechanisms and development of childhood asthma. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(8):647–56.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Buro-Auriemma LJ, Salit J, Hackett NR, Walters MS, Strulovici-Barel Y, Staudt MR, et al. Cigarette smoking induces small airway epithelial epigenetic changes with corresponding modulation of gene expression. Hum Mol Genet. 2013;22(23):4726–38. Cigarette smoking alters the DNA methylation patterning of the epithelium and that, for some genes, these changes are associated with the smoking-related changes in gene expression.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Buro-Auriemma LJ, Salit J, Hackett NR, Walters MS, Strulovici-Barel Y, Staudt MR, et al. Cigarette smoking induces small airway epithelial epigenetic changes with corresponding modulation of gene expression. Hum Mol Genet. 2013;22(23):4726–38. Cigarette smoking alters the DNA methylation patterning of the epithelium and that, for some genes, these changes are associated with the smoking-related changes in gene expression.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Pritchard CC, Cheng HH, Tewari M. MicroRNA profiling: approaches and considerations. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13(5):358–69.PubMedCrossRef Pritchard CC, Cheng HH, Tewari M. MicroRNA profiling: approaches and considerations. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13(5):358–69.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Rager JE, Moeller BC, Doyle-Eisele M, Kracko D, Swenberg JA, Fry RC. Formaldehyde and epigenetic alterations: microRNA changes in the nasal epithelium of nonhuman primates. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(3):339–44.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Rager JE, Moeller BC, Doyle-Eisele M, Kracko D, Swenberg JA, Fry RC. Formaldehyde and epigenetic alterations: microRNA changes in the nasal epithelium of nonhuman primates. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(3):339–44.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference McKiernan PJ, Molloy K, Cryan SA, McElvaney NG, Greene CM. Long noncoding RNA are aberrantly expressed in vivo in the cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2014;52:184–91.PubMedCrossRef McKiernan PJ, Molloy K, Cryan SA, McElvaney NG, Greene CM. Long noncoding RNA are aberrantly expressed in vivo in the cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2014;52:184–91.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Lee RJ, Chen B, Doghramji L, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide regulates sinonasal mucociliary clearance and synergizes with histamine in stimulating sinonasal fluid secretion. FASEB J. 2013;27(12):5094–103.PubMedCrossRef Lee RJ, Chen B, Doghramji L, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide regulates sinonasal mucociliary clearance and synergizes with histamine in stimulating sinonasal fluid secretion. FASEB J. 2013;27(12):5094–103.PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Choksi SP, Babu D, Lau D, Yu X, Roy S. Systematic discovery of novel ciliary genes through functional genomics in the zebrafish. Development. 2014;141(17):3410–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Choksi SP, Babu D, Lau D, Yu X, Roy S. Systematic discovery of novel ciliary genes through functional genomics in the zebrafish. Development. 2014;141(17):3410–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Lee RJ, Xiong G, Kofonow JM, Chen B, Lysenko A, Jiang P, et al. T2R38 taste receptor polymorphisms underlie susceptibility to upper respiratory infection. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(11):4145–59.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Lee RJ, Xiong G, Kofonow JM, Chen B, Lysenko A, Jiang P, et al. T2R38 taste receptor polymorphisms underlie susceptibility to upper respiratory infection. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(11):4145–59.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
60.•
go back to reference Li YY, Li CW, Chao SS, Yu FG, Yu XM, Liu J, et al. Impairment of cilia architecture and ciliogenesis in hyperplastic nasal epithelium from nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Sep 4. Aberrant ciliogenesis and primary motile cilia impairment were found in isolated and cultured nasal epithelial stem cells more frequently in patients with CRSwNP than in controls. Li YY, Li CW, Chao SS, Yu FG, Yu XM, Liu J, et al. Impairment of cilia architecture and ciliogenesis in hyperplastic nasal epithelium from nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Sep 4. Aberrant ciliogenesis and primary motile cilia impairment were found in isolated and cultured nasal epithelial stem cells more frequently in patients with CRSwNP than in controls.
61.
go back to reference Haxel BR, Schafer D, Klimek L, Mann WJ. Prostaglandin E2 activates the ciliary beat frequency of cultured human nasal mucosa via the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258(5):230–5.PubMedCrossRef Haxel BR, Schafer D, Klimek L, Mann WJ. Prostaglandin E2 activates the ciliary beat frequency of cultured human nasal mucosa via the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258(5):230–5.PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Hattori R, Shimizu S, Majima Y, Shimizu T. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2, EP3, and EP4 agonists inhibit antigen-induced mucus hypersecretion in the nasal epithelium of sensitized rats. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009;118(7):536–41.PubMedCrossRef Hattori R, Shimizu S, Majima Y, Shimizu T. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2, EP3, and EP4 agonists inhibit antigen-induced mucus hypersecretion in the nasal epithelium of sensitized rats. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009;118(7):536–41.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Liu T, Laidlaw TM, Katz HR, Boyce JA. Prostaglandin E2 deficiency causes a phenotype of aspirin sensitivity that depends on platelets and cysteinyl leukotrienes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(42):16987–92.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Liu T, Laidlaw TM, Katz HR, Boyce JA. Prostaglandin E2 deficiency causes a phenotype of aspirin sensitivity that depends on platelets and cysteinyl leukotrienes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(42):16987–92.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Button B, Cai LH, Ehre C, Kesimer M, Hill DB, Sheehan JK, et al. A periciliary brush promotes the lung health by separating the mucus layer from airway epithelia. Science. 2012;337(6097):937–41.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Button B, Cai LH, Ehre C, Kesimer M, Hill DB, Sheehan JK, et al. A periciliary brush promotes the lung health by separating the mucus layer from airway epithelia. Science. 2012;337(6097):937–41.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Birket SE, Chu KK, Liu L, Houser GH, Diephuis BJ, Wilsterman EJ, et al. A functional anatomic defect of the cystic fibrosis airway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(4):421–32.PubMedCrossRef Birket SE, Chu KK, Liu L, Houser GH, Diephuis BJ, Wilsterman EJ, et al. A functional anatomic defect of the cystic fibrosis airway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(4):421–32.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Purkey MT, Li J, Mentch F, Grant SF, Desrosiers M, Hakonarson H, et al. Genetic variation in genes encoding airway epithelial potassium channels is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in a pediatric population. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e89329.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Purkey MT, Li J, Mentch F, Grant SF, Desrosiers M, Hakonarson H, et al. Genetic variation in genes encoding airway epithelial potassium channels is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in a pediatric population. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e89329.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Tomazic PV, Birner-Gruenberger R, Leitner A, Obrist B, Spoerk S, Lang-Loidolt D. Nasal mucus proteomic changes reflect altered immune responses and epithelial permeability in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(3):741–50.PubMedCrossRef Tomazic PV, Birner-Gruenberger R, Leitner A, Obrist B, Spoerk S, Lang-Loidolt D. Nasal mucus proteomic changes reflect altered immune responses and epithelial permeability in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(3):741–50.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Tieu DD, Kern RC, Schleimer RP. Alterations in epithelial barrier function and host defense responses in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(1):37–42.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tieu DD, Kern RC, Schleimer RP. Alterations in epithelial barrier function and host defense responses in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(1):37–42.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Richer SL, Truong-Tran AQ, Conley DB, Carter R, Vermylen D, Grammer LC, et al. Epithelial genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol. 2008;22(3):228–34.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Richer SL, Truong-Tran AQ, Conley DB, Carter R, Vermylen D, Grammer LC, et al. Epithelial genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol. 2008;22(3):228–34.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Seshadri S, Lin DC, Rosati M, Carter RG, Norton JE, Suh L, et al. Reduced expression of antimicrobial PLUNC proteins in nasal polyp tissues of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2012;67(7):920–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Seshadri S, Lin DC, Rosati M, Carter RG, Norton JE, Suh L, et al. Reduced expression of antimicrobial PLUNC proteins in nasal polyp tissues of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2012;67(7):920–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Wei Y, Xia W, Ye X, Fan Y, Shi J, Wen W, et al. The antimicrobial protein short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is differentially modulated in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):420–8.PubMedCrossRef Wei Y, Xia W, Ye X, Fan Y, Shi J, Wen W, et al. The antimicrobial protein short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is differentially modulated in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):420–8.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Hupin C, Rombaux P, Bowen H, Gould H, Lecocq M, Pilette C. Downregulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and secretory IgA antibodies in eosinophilic upper airway diseases. Allergy. 2013;68(12):1589–97.PubMedCrossRef Hupin C, Rombaux P, Bowen H, Gould H, Lecocq M, Pilette C. Downregulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and secretory IgA antibodies in eosinophilic upper airway diseases. Allergy. 2013;68(12):1589–97.PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Hammad H, Chieppa M, Perros F, Willart MA, Germain RN, Lambrecht BN. House dust mite allergen induces asthma via Toll-like receptor 4 triggering of airway structural cells. Nat Med. 2009;15(4):410–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hammad H, Chieppa M, Perros F, Willart MA, Germain RN, Lambrecht BN. House dust mite allergen induces asthma via Toll-like receptor 4 triggering of airway structural cells. Nat Med. 2009;15(4):410–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Fransson M, Adner M, Erjefalt J, Jansson L, Uddman R, Cardell LO. Up-regulation of Toll-like receptors 2, 3 and 4 in allergic rhinitis. Respir Res. 2005;6:100.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Fransson M, Adner M, Erjefalt J, Jansson L, Uddman R, Cardell LO. Up-regulation of Toll-like receptors 2, 3 and 4 in allergic rhinitis. Respir Res. 2005;6:100.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
76.•
go back to reference Tengroth L, Millrud CR, Kvarnhammar AM, Kumlien Georen S, Latif L, Cardell LO. Functional effects of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, 7, 9, RIG-I and MDA-5 stimulation in nasal epithelial cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e98239.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tengroth L, Millrud CR, Kvarnhammar AM, Kumlien Georen S, Latif L, Cardell LO. Functional effects of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, 7, 9, RIG-I and MDA-5 stimulation in nasal epithelial cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e98239.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Tengroth L, Arebro J, Kumlien Georen S, Winqvist O, Cardell LO. Deprived TLR9 expression in apparently healthy nasal mucosa might trigger polyp-growth in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105618.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tengroth L, Arebro J, Kumlien Georen S, Winqvist O, Cardell LO. Deprived TLR9 expression in apparently healthy nasal mucosa might trigger polyp-growth in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105618.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Licona-Limon P, Kim LK, Palm NW, Flavell RA. TH2, allergy and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol. 2013;14(6):536–42.PubMedCrossRef Licona-Limon P, Kim LK, Palm NW, Flavell RA. TH2, allergy and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol. 2013;14(6):536–42.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Saglani S, Lui S, Ullmann N, Campbell GA, Sherburn RT, Mathie SA, et al. IL-33 promotes airway remodeling in pediatric patients with severe steroid-resistant asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(3):676–685.e13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Saglani S, Lui S, Ullmann N, Campbell GA, Sherburn RT, Mathie SA, et al. IL-33 promotes airway remodeling in pediatric patients with severe steroid-resistant asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(3):676–685.e13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Shikotra A, Choy DF, Ohri CM, Doran E, Butler C, Hargadon B, et al. Increased expression of immunoreactive thymic stromal lymphopoietin in patients with severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(1):104–11.e1-9.PubMedCrossRef Shikotra A, Choy DF, Ohri CM, Doran E, Butler C, Hargadon B, et al. Increased expression of immunoreactive thymic stromal lymphopoietin in patients with severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(1):104–11.e1-9.PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Cantero-Recasens G, Fandos C, Rubio-Moscardo F, Valverde MA, Vicente R. The asthma-associated ORMDL3 gene product regulates endoplasmic reticulum-mediated calcium signaling and cellular stress. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19(1):111–21.PubMedCrossRef Cantero-Recasens G, Fandos C, Rubio-Moscardo F, Valverde MA, Vicente R. The asthma-associated ORMDL3 gene product regulates endoplasmic reticulum-mediated calcium signaling and cellular stress. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19(1):111–21.PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Breslow DK, Collins SR, Bodenmiller B, Aebersold R, Simons K, Shevchenko A, et al. Orm family proteins mediate sphingolipid homeostasis. Nature. 2010;463(7284):1048–53.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Breslow DK, Collins SR, Bodenmiller B, Aebersold R, Simons K, Shevchenko A, et al. Orm family proteins mediate sphingolipid homeostasis. Nature. 2010;463(7284):1048–53.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Yu XM, Li CW, Li YY, Liu J, Lin ZB, Li TY, et al. Down-regulation of EMP1 is associated with epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia in nasal polyps. Histopathology. 2013;63(5):686–95.PubMed Yu XM, Li CW, Li YY, Liu J, Lin ZB, Li TY, et al. Down-regulation of EMP1 is associated with epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia in nasal polyps. Histopathology. 2013;63(5):686–95.PubMed
84.
go back to reference Soyka MB, Wawrzyniak P, Eiwegger T, Holzmann D, Treis A, Wanke K, et al. Defective epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis: the regulation of tight junctions by IFN-gamma and IL-4. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(5):1087–1096.e10.PubMedCrossRef Soyka MB, Wawrzyniak P, Eiwegger T, Holzmann D, Treis A, Wanke K, et al. Defective epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis: the regulation of tight junctions by IFN-gamma and IL-4. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(5):1087–1096.e10.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Yan Y, Gordon WM, Wang DY. Nasal epithelial repair and remodeling in physical injury, infection, and inflammatory diseases. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;21(3):263–70.PubMedCrossRef Yan Y, Gordon WM, Wang DY. Nasal epithelial repair and remodeling in physical injury, infection, and inflammatory diseases. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;21(3):263–70.PubMedCrossRef
86.•
go back to reference Hupin C, Gohy S, Bouzin C, Lecocq M, Polette M, Pilette C. Features of mesenchymal transition in the airway epithelium from chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2014 Aug 7. Features of epithelial dedifferentiation towards a mesenchymal phenotype are observed in CRSwNP and CRSsNP and correlate with airway fibrosis and inflammation. Hupin C, Gohy S, Bouzin C, Lecocq M, Polette M, Pilette C. Features of mesenchymal transition in the airway epithelium from chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2014 Aug 7. Features of epithelial dedifferentiation towards a mesenchymal phenotype are observed in CRSwNP and CRSsNP and correlate with airway fibrosis and inflammation.
87.
go back to reference Lee SN, Lee DH, Sohn MH, Yoon JH. Overexpressed proprotein convertase 1/3 induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in airway epithelium. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(5):1379–90.PubMedCrossRef Lee SN, Lee DH, Sohn MH, Yoon JH. Overexpressed proprotein convertase 1/3 induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in airway epithelium. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(5):1379–90.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference de Borja CF, Martinez-Anton A, Alobid I, Fuentes M, Cortijo J, Picado C, et al. Reconstituted human upper airway epithelium as 3-d in vitro model for nasal polyposis. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100537.CrossRef de Borja CF, Martinez-Anton A, Alobid I, Fuentes M, Cortijo J, Picado C, et al. Reconstituted human upper airway epithelium as 3-d in vitro model for nasal polyposis. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100537.CrossRef
89.
go back to reference Jeffe JS, Seshadri S, Hamill KJ, Huang JH, Carter R, Suh L, et al. A role for anti-BP180 autoantibodies in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(9):2104–11.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Jeffe JS, Seshadri S, Hamill KJ, Huang JH, Carter R, Suh L, et al. A role for anti-BP180 autoantibodies in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(9):2104–11.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Tan BK, Li QZ, Suh L, Kato A, Conley DB, Chandra RK, et al. Evidence for intranasal antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(6):1198–1206.e1.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tan BK, Li QZ, Suh L, Kato A, Conley DB, Chandra RK, et al. Evidence for intranasal antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(6):1198–1206.e1.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Just J, Saint-Pierre P, Gouvis-Echraghi R, Laoudi Y, Roufai L, Momas I, et al. Childhood allergic asthma is not a single phenotype. J Pediatr. 2014;164(4):815–20. There are several subtypes of allergic asthma in children, which might have an impact on patient care. PubMedCrossRef Just J, Saint-Pierre P, Gouvis-Echraghi R, Laoudi Y, Roufai L, Momas I, et al. Childhood allergic asthma is not a single phenotype. J Pediatr. 2014;164(4):815–20. There are several subtypes of allergic asthma in children, which might have an impact on patient care. PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Molecular Mechanisms of Nasal Epithelium in Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis
Authors
Sanna Toppila-Salmi
Cornelis M. van Drunen
Wytske J. Fokkens
Korneliuz Golebski
Pirkko Mattila
Sakari Joenvaara
Jutta Renkonen
Risto Renkonen
Publication date
01-02-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports / Issue 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1529-7322
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6315
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-014-0495-8

Other articles of this Issue 2/2015

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2/2015 Go to the issue

Immunologic/Diagnostic Tests in Allergy (M Chapman and A Pomés, Section Editors)

Challenges for Allergy Diagnosis in Regions with Complex Pollen Exposures

BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE (M FRIERI AND PJ BRYCE, SECTION EDITORS)

Natural Killer Cells in the Development of Asthma

BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE (M FRIERI AND PJ BRYCE, SECTION EDITORS)

Maternal Influences over Offspring Allergic Responses

ALLERGENS (RK BUSH AND JA WOODFOLK, SECTION EDITORS)

Rhinovirus and Asthma: a Storied History of Incompatibility