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Open Access 27-01-2023 | COVID-19 | Em - Original

Gender-dependent impact of COVID-19 lockdown on metabolic and psychological aspects

Authors: Leonilde Bonfrate, Agostino Di Ciaula, Mohamad Khalil, Ilaria Farella, Roberta Chirico, Gemma Vilahur, Piero Portincasa

Published in: Internal and Emergency Medicine | Issue 2/2023

Abstract

The first COVID-19 lockdown resulted in enforced quarantine of heavily affected areas with social isolation and related measures by several governments to slow the spread of the disease. The general population experienced several mental and lifestyle changes. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the metabolic and psychological effects induced by lifestyle changes during COVID-19 self-isolation among an Apulian overweight/obese cohort with metabolic disturbances. The study assessed anthropometric data (weight, abdominal circumferences), dietary habits (adherence to the Mediterranean diet, junk food score), lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking, and physical activity), levels of stress and anxiety, and depression. Subjects underwent bioumoral exams before and after self-isolation to monitor glycemic and lipid profiles. A total of 245 subjects (M:F = 118:127) have been included in the study. After lockdown, the number of obese subjects significantly increased in both sexes, and was higher in females than in males (P < 0.0001). Glycemic and lipid profiles worsened, with higher levels of insulinemia, lower levels of HDL cholesterol, and higher levels of triglycerides in females than in males. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of junk foods were altered in both groups, especially in females. Psychological aspects were significantly higher in females than in males. Finally, work activities and familial status strongly affected the metabolic and psychological profile. In conclusion, COVID-19 self-isolation induced changes in lifestyle and dietary habits with psychological distress and detrimental effects on metabolic patterns, which were more pronounced in female gender.

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Title: Gender-dependent impact of COVID-19 lockdown on metabolic and psychological aspects
Authors: Leonilde Bonfrate
Agostino Di Ciaula
Mohamad Khalil
Ilaria Farella
Roberta Chirico
Gemma Vilahur
Piero Portincasa
Publication date: 27-01-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: COVID-19
Published in: Internal and Emergency Medicine / Issue 2/2023
Print ISSN: 1828-0447
Electronic ISSN: 1970-9366
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-022-03173-9

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