Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Obesity Surgery 1/2011

01-01-2011 | Review

Changes in Ghrelin Levels Following Bariatric Surgery: Review of the Literature

Authors: Kevin Tymitz, Amy Engel, Sarah McDonough, Mary Pat Hendy, George Kerlakian

Published in: Obesity Surgery | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Obesity is a severe health issue that is a global epidemic. Bariatric surgery is an accepted, popular, and effective therapy for weight loss. Ghrelin, a peptide secreted primarily by the fundus cells of the stomach, has been found to impact body weight by its influence on appetite. Although numerous studies have investigated serum ghrelin levels following bariatric surgery, there is no solid agreement yet as to the direction or magnitude of its change, or even its impact on weight loss. Some studies have found an increase in ghrelin, some have found a decrease, and others have found no change in ghrelin following bariatric surgery. The purpose of this review was to establish the impact of ghrelin changes following bariatric surgery.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Karra E, Chandarana K, Batterham RL. The role of peptide YY in appetite regulation and obesity. J Physiol. 2009;587.1:19–25.CrossRef Karra E, Chandarana K, Batterham RL. The role of peptide YY in appetite regulation and obesity. J Physiol. 2009;587.1:19–25.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Couce MA, Cottam D, Esplen J, et al. Is ghrelin the culprit for weight loss after gastric bypass surgery? A negative answer. Obes Surg. 2006;16:870–8.CrossRefPubMed Couce MA, Cottam D, Esplen J, et al. Is ghrelin the culprit for weight loss after gastric bypass surgery? A negative answer. Obes Surg. 2006;16:870–8.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Ianelli A, Dainese R, Piche T. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. WJG. 2008;14:821–7.CrossRef Ianelli A, Dainese R, Piche T. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. WJG. 2008;14:821–7.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Faraj M, Havel PJ, Phelis S, et al. Plasma acylation-simulating protein, adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin before and after weight loss induced gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:1594–602.CrossRefPubMed Faraj M, Havel PJ, Phelis S, et al. Plasma acylation-simulating protein, adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin before and after weight loss induced gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:1594–602.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Fruhbeck G, Rotellar F, Hernandez-Lizoain JL, et al. Fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations 6 months after gastric bypass are not determined by weight loss or changes in insulinemia. Obes Surg. 2004;14:1208–15.CrossRefPubMed Fruhbeck G, Rotellar F, Hernandez-Lizoain JL, et al. Fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations 6 months after gastric bypass are not determined by weight loss or changes in insulinemia. Obes Surg. 2004;14:1208–15.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight and obesity. JAMA. 2005;293:1861–7.CrossRefPubMed Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight and obesity. JAMA. 2005;293:1861–7.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2007;298:2028–37.CrossRefPubMed Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2007;298:2028–37.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Leonetti F, Silecchia G, Iacobellis G, et al. Different plasma ghrelin levels after laparoscopic gastric bypass and adjustable gastric banding in morbid obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:4227–31.CrossRefPubMed Leonetti F, Silecchia G, Iacobellis G, et al. Different plasma ghrelin levels after laparoscopic gastric bypass and adjustable gastric banding in morbid obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:4227–31.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, et al. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes. 2001;50:1714–9.CrossRefPubMed Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, et al. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes. 2001;50:1714–9.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Lee H, Te C, Koshy S, et al. Does ghrelin really matter after bariatric surgery? Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2006;2:538–48.CrossRefPubMed Lee H, Te C, Koshy S, et al. Does ghrelin really matter after bariatric surgery? Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2006;2:538–48.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Stoeckli R, Chanda R, Langer I, et al. Changes of body weight and plasma ghrelin levels after gastric banding and gastric bypass. Obes Res. 2004;12:346–50.CrossRefPubMed Stoeckli R, Chanda R, Langer I, et al. Changes of body weight and plasma ghrelin levels after gastric banding and gastric bypass. Obes Res. 2004;12:346–50.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Lin E, Gletsu N, Fugate K, et al. The effects of gastric surgery on systemic ghrelin levels in the morbidly obese. Arch Surg. 2004;139:780–4.CrossRefPubMed Lin E, Gletsu N, Fugate K, et al. The effects of gastric surgery on systemic ghrelin levels in the morbidly obese. Arch Surg. 2004;139:780–4.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Geloneze B, Tambascia MA, Pilla VF, et al. Ghrelin: a gut hormone: effect of gastric bypass surgery. Obes Surg. 2003;13:17–22.CrossRefPubMed Geloneze B, Tambascia MA, Pilla VF, et al. Ghrelin: a gut hormone: effect of gastric bypass surgery. Obes Surg. 2003;13:17–22.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Langer FB, Hoda MAR, Bohdjalian A, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding: effects on plasma ghrelin levels. Obes Surg. 2005;15:1024–9.CrossRefPubMed Langer FB, Hoda MAR, Bohdjalian A, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding: effects on plasma ghrelin levels. Obes Surg. 2005;15:1024–9.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Hanusch-Enserer U, Brabant G, Roden M. Ghrelin concentrations in morbidly obese patients after adjustable gastric banding. Comment N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2159–60.CrossRef Hanusch-Enserer U, Brabant G, Roden M. Ghrelin concentrations in morbidly obese patients after adjustable gastric banding. Comment N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2159–60.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Cummings DE, Weigle DS, Frayo RS, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1623–30.CrossRefPubMed Cummings DE, Weigle DS, Frayo RS, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1623–30.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Chan JL, Mun EC, Stoyneva V, et al. Peptide YY levels are elevated after gastric bypass surgery. Obesity. 2006;14:194–8.CrossRefPubMed Chan JL, Mun EC, Stoyneva V, et al. Peptide YY levels are elevated after gastric bypass surgery. Obesity. 2006;14:194–8.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Morinigo R, Casamitjana R, Moize V, et al. Short term effects of gastric bypass surgery on circulating ghrelin levels. Obes Res. 2004;2:1108–16.CrossRef Morinigo R, Casamitjana R, Moize V, et al. Short term effects of gastric bypass surgery on circulating ghrelin levels. Obes Res. 2004;2:1108–16.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Kotidis EV, Koliakos G, Papavramidis TS, et al. The effect of biliopancreatic diversion with pylorus-preserving sleeve gastrectomy and duodenal switch on fasting serum ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin levels: is there a hormonal contribution to the weight-reducing effect of the procedure? Obes Surg. 2006;16:554–9.CrossRefPubMed Kotidis EV, Koliakos G, Papavramidis TS, et al. The effect of biliopancreatic diversion with pylorus-preserving sleeve gastrectomy and duodenal switch on fasting serum ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin levels: is there a hormonal contribution to the weight-reducing effect of the procedure? Obes Surg. 2006;16:554–9.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Karamanakos SN, Vagenas K, Kalfarentzos F, et al. Weight loss, appetite suppression, and changes in fasting and postprandial ghrelin and peptide-YY levels after roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Ann Surg. 2008;247:401–7.CrossRefPubMed Karamanakos SN, Vagenas K, Kalfarentzos F, et al. Weight loss, appetite suppression, and changes in fasting and postprandial ghrelin and peptide-YY levels after roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Ann Surg. 2008;247:401–7.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Holdstock C, Engstrom BE, Ohrvall M, et al. Ghrelin and adipose tissue regulator peptides: effect of gastric bypass surgery in obese humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3177–83.CrossRefPubMed Holdstock C, Engstrom BE, Ohrvall M, et al. Ghrelin and adipose tissue regulator peptides: effect of gastric bypass surgery in obese humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3177–83.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Schindler K, Prager G, Ballaban T, et al. Impact of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding on plasma ghrelin, eating behavior and body weight. Eur J Clin Invest. 2004;34:549–54.CrossRefPubMed Schindler K, Prager G, Ballaban T, et al. Impact of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding on plasma ghrelin, eating behavior and body weight. Eur J Clin Invest. 2004;34:549–54.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Stratis C, Alexandrides T, Vagenas K, et al. Ghrelin and peptide YY levels after a variant of biliopancreatic diversion with roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus after colectomy: a prospective comparative study. Obes Surg. 2006;16:752–8.CrossRefPubMed Stratis C, Alexandrides T, Vagenas K, et al. Ghrelin and peptide YY levels after a variant of biliopancreatic diversion with roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus after colectomy: a prospective comparative study. Obes Surg. 2006;16:752–8.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Sundbom M, Holdstock C, Engstrom BE, et al. Early changes in ghrelin following roux-en-Y gastric bypass: influence of vagal nerve functionality? Obes Surg. 2007;17:304–10.CrossRefPubMed Sundbom M, Holdstock C, Engstrom BE, et al. Early changes in ghrelin following roux-en-Y gastric bypass: influence of vagal nerve functionality? Obes Surg. 2007;17:304–10.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Haider DG, Schindler K, Prager G, et al. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is reduced after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:1168–71.CrossRefPubMed Haider DG, Schindler K, Prager G, et al. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is reduced after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:1168–71.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Whitson BA, Leslie DB, Kellogg TA, et al. Entero-endocrine changes after gastric bypass in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a preliminary study. J Surg Res. 2007;141:31–9.CrossRefPubMed Whitson BA, Leslie DB, Kellogg TA, et al. Entero-endocrine changes after gastric bypass in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a preliminary study. J Surg Res. 2007;141:31–9.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Uzzan B, Catheline JM, Lagorce C, et al. Expression of ghrelin in fundus is increased after gastric banding in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg. 2007;17:1159–64.CrossRefPubMed Uzzan B, Catheline JM, Lagorce C, et al. Expression of ghrelin in fundus is increased after gastric banding in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg. 2007;17:1159–64.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Ram E, Vishne T, Diker D, et al. Impact of gastric banding on plasma ghrelin, growth hormone, cortisol, DHEA and DHEA-S levels. Obes Surg. 2005;15:1118–23.CrossRefPubMed Ram E, Vishne T, Diker D, et al. Impact of gastric banding on plasma ghrelin, growth hormone, cortisol, DHEA and DHEA-S levels. Obes Surg. 2005;15:1118–23.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Mancini MC, Costa AP, deMelo ME, et al. Effects of gastric bypass on spontaneous growth hormone and ghrelin release profiles. Obesity. 2006;14:383–7.CrossRefPubMed Mancini MC, Costa AP, deMelo ME, et al. Effects of gastric bypass on spontaneous growth hormone and ghrelin release profiles. Obesity. 2006;14:383–7.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Borg CM, le Roux CW, Ghatei MA, et al. Progressive rise in gut hormone levels after roux-en-y gastric bypass suggests gut adaption and explains altered satiety. Br J Surg. 2006;93:210–5.CrossRefPubMed Borg CM, le Roux CW, Ghatei MA, et al. Progressive rise in gut hormone levels after roux-en-y gastric bypass suggests gut adaption and explains altered satiety. Br J Surg. 2006;93:210–5.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Liou JM, Lin JT, Lee WJ, et al. The serial changes of ghrelin and leptin levels and their relations to weight loss after laparoscopic minigastric bypass surgery. Obes Surg. 2008;18:84–9.CrossRefPubMed Liou JM, Lin JT, Lee WJ, et al. The serial changes of ghrelin and leptin levels and their relations to weight loss after laparoscopic minigastric bypass surgery. Obes Surg. 2008;18:84–9.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Shultz M, DeGroote S. Medline SDI services: how do they compare. J Med Libr Assoc. 2003;91:460–7.PubMed Shultz M, DeGroote S. Medline SDI services: how do they compare. J Med Libr Assoc. 2003;91:460–7.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Changes in Ghrelin Levels Following Bariatric Surgery: Review of the Literature
Authors
Kevin Tymitz
Amy Engel
Sarah McDonough
Mary Pat Hendy
George Kerlakian
Publication date
01-01-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Obesity Surgery / Issue 1/2011
Print ISSN: 0960-8923
Electronic ISSN: 1708-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-010-0311-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

Obesity Surgery 1/2011 Go to the issue