Published in:
01-10-2016 | Original Research
Incident Type 2 Diabetes Risk is Influenced by Obesity and Diabetes in Social Contacts: a Social Network Analysis
Published in: Journal of General Internal Medicine | Issue 10/2016
Login to get accessABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Obesity and diabetes family history are the two strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Prior work shows that an individual’s obesity risk is associated with obesity in social contacts, but whether T2D risk follows similar patterns is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to estimate the relationship between obesity or diabetes in an individual’s social contacts and his/her T2D risk. We hypothesized that obesity and diabetes in social contacts would increase an individual’s T2D risk.
DESIGN
This was a retrospective analysis of the community-based Framingham Offspring Study (FOS).
PARTICIPANTS
FOS participants with T2D status, height and weight, and at least one social contact were eligible for this study (n = 4797 at Exam 1). Participants’ interpersonal ties, cardiometabolic and demographic variables were available at eight exams from 1971 to 2008, and a T2D additive polygenic risk score was measured at the fifth exam.
MAIN MEASURES
Primary exposures were T2D (fasting glucose ≥ 7 mmol/L or taking diabetes medications) and obesity status (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) of social contacts at a prior exam. Primary outcome was incident T2D in participants.
KEY RESULTS
Incident T2D was associated with having a social contact with diabetes (OR 1.32, p = 0.004) or with obesity (OR 1.21, p = 0.004). In stratified analyses, incident T2D was associated with diabetes in siblings (OR 1.64, p = 0.001) and obesity in spouses (OR 1.54, p = 0.0004). The associations between diabetes and obesity in social contacts and an individual’s incident diabetes risk were stronger in individuals with a high diabetes genetic risk score.
CONCLUSIONS
T2D and obesity in social contacts, particularly siblings and spouses, were associated with an individual’s risk of incident diabetes even after accounting for parental T2D history. Assessing risk factors in an individual’s siblings and spouses can inform T2D risk; furthermore, social network based lifestyle interventions involving spouses and siblings might be a novel T2D prevention approach.