Top

Published in:

01-02-2013 | 2012 SSAT Poster Presentation

N0/N1, PNL, or LNR? The Effect of Lymph Node Number on Accurate Survival Prediction in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Authors: Nakul P. Valsangkar, Devon M. Bush, James S. Michaelson, Cristina R. Ferrone, Jennifer A. Wargo, Keith D. Lillemoe, Carlos Fernández-del Castillo, Andrew L. Warshaw, Sarah P. Thayer

Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery | Issue 2/2013

Abstract

Introduction

We evaluated the prognostic accuracy of LN variables (N0/N1), numbers of positive lymph nodes (PLN), and lymph node ratio (LNR) in the context of the total number of examined lymph nodes (ELN).

Methods

Patients from SEER and a single institution (MGH) were reviewed and survival analyses performed in subgroups based on numbers of ELN to calculate excess risk of death (hazard ratio, HR).

Results

In SEER and MGH, higher numbers of ELN improved the overall survival for N0 patients. The prognostic significance (N0/N1) and PLN were too variable as the importance of a single PLN depended on the total number of LN dissected. LNR consistently correlated with survival once a certain number of lymph nodes were dissected (≥13 in SEER and ≥17 in the MGH dataset).

Conclusions

Better survival for N0 patients with increasing ELN likely represents improved staging. PLN have some predictive value but the ELN strongly influence their impact on survival, suggesting the need for a ratio-based classification. LNR strongly correlates with outcome provided that a certain number of lymph nodes is evaluated, suggesting that the prognostic accuracy of any LN variable depends on the total number of ELN.

Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2010;60(5):277–300.

Moon HJ, An JY, Heo JS, Choi SH, Joh JW, Kim YI. Predicting survival after surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreas. 2006 Jan;32(1):37–43.

Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A (eds). Chapters 10 and 24. In: AJCC cancer staging manual, 7th edn. New York: Springer; 2010.

Wagner M, Redaelli C, Lietz M, Seiler CA, Friess H, Büchler MW. Curative resection is the single most important factor determining outcome in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The British Journal of Surgery. 2004 May;91(5):586–94.

Brennan MF, Kattan MW, Klimstra D, Conlon K. Prognostic Nomogram for Patients Undergoing Resection for Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas. Annals of Surgery. 2004 Aug;240(2):293–8.

Winter JM, Cameron JL, Campbell K a, Arnold M a, Chang DC, Coleman J, et al. 1423 pancreaticoduodenectomies for pancreatic cancer: A single-institution experience. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2006 Nov;10(9):1199–210; discussion 1210–1.

Richter A, Niedergethmann M, Sturm JW, Lorenz D, Post S, Trede M. Long-term results of partial pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head: 25-year experience. World Journal of Surgery. 2003 Mar;27(3):324–9.

Tseng JF, Raut CP, Lee JE, Pisters PWT, Vauthey J-N, Abdalla EK, et al. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection: margin status and survival duration. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2004 Dec;8(8):935–49; discussion 949–50.

Lim JE, Chien MW, Earle CC. Prognostic factors following curative resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a population-based, linked database analysis of 396 patients. Annals of surgery. 2003 Jan;237(1):74–85.

10.

House MG, Gönen M, Jarnagin WR, D'Angelica M, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, et al. Prognostic significance of pathologic nodal status in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2007 Nov;11(11):1549–55.

11.

Pawlik TM, Gleisner AL, Cameron JL, Winter JM, Assumpcao L, Lillemoe KD, et al. Prognostic relevance of lymph node ratio following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. Surgery. 2007 May;141(5):610–8.

12.

Berger AC, Watson JC, Ross EA, Hoffman JP. The metastatic/examined lymph node ratio is an important prognostic factor after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The American Surgeon. 2004 Mar;70(3):235–40; discussion 240.

13.

Sierzega M, Popiela T, Kulig J, Nowak K. The ratio of metastatic/resected lymph nodes is an independent prognostic factor in patients with node-positive pancreatic head cancer. Pancreas. 2006 Oct;33(3):240–5.

14.

Mariette C, Piessen G, Briez N, Triboulet JP. The number of metastatic lymph nodes and the ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes are independent prognostic factors in esophageal cancer regardless of neoadjuvant chemoradiation or lymphadenectomy extent. Annals of surgery. 2008 Feb;247(2):365–71.

15.

Lee S-Y, Hwang I, Park Y-S, Gardner J, Ro JY. Metastatic lymph node ratio in advanced gastric carcinoma: a better prognostic factor than number of metastatic lymph nodes? International journal of oncology. 2010 Jun;36(6):1461–7.

16.

Falconi M, Crippa S, Domínguez I, Barugola G, Capelli P, Marcucci S, et al. Prognostic relevance of lymph node ratio and number of resected nodes after curative resection of ampulla of Vater carcinoma. Annals of surgical oncology. 2008 Nov;15(11):3178–86.

17.

Lee JH, Lee KG, Ha TK, Jun YJ, Paik SS, Park HK, et al. Pattern analysis of lymph node metastasis and the prognostic importance of number of metastatic nodes in ampullary adenocarcinoma. The American Surgeon. 2011 Mar;77(3):322–9.

18.

Chen SL, Steele SR, Eberhardt J, Zhu K, Bilchik A, Stojadinovic A. Lymph node ratio as a quality and prognostic indicator in stage III colon cancer. Annals of surgery. 2011 Jan;253(1):82–7.

19.

Peparini N, Chirletti P. Lymph node ratio, number of excised nodes and sentinel-node concepts in breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2011 Apr;126(3):829–33.

20.

Spillane AJ, Cheung BLH, Winstanley J, Thompson JF. Lymph node ratio provides prognostic information in addition to American joint committee on cancer N stage in patients with melanoma, even if quality of surgery is standardized. Annals of surgery. 2011 Jan;253(1):109–15.

21.

Riediger H, Keck T, Wellner U, zur Hausen A, Adam U, Hopt UT, et al. The lymph node ratio is the strongest prognostic factor after resection of pancreatic cancer. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2009 Jul;13(7):1337–44.

22.

Massucco P, Ribero D, Sgotto E, Mellano A, Muratore A, Capussotti L. Prognostic significance of lymph node metastases in pancreatic head cancer treated with extended lymphadenectomy: not just a matter of numbers. Annals of surgical oncology. 2009 Dec;16(12):3323–32.

23.

Murakami Y, Uemura K, Sudo T, Hayashidani Y, Hashimoto Y, Nakashima A, et al. Number of metastatic lymph nodes, but not lymph node ratio, is an independent prognostic factor after resection of pancreatic carcinoma. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2010 Aug;211(2):196–204.

24.

Xing Y, Badgwell BD, Ross MI, Gershenwald JE, Lee JE, Mansfield PF, et al. Lymph node ratio predicts disease-specific survival in melanoma patients. Cancer. 2009 Jun 1;115(11):2505–13.

25.

Tomlinson JS, Jain S, Bentrem DJ, Sekeris EG, Maggard MA, Hines OJ, et al. Accuracy of staging node-negative pancreas cancer: a potential quality measure. Archives of surgery. 2007 Aug;142(8):767–723; discussion 773–4.

26.

Schwarz RE, Smith DD. Extent of lymph node retrieval and pancreatic cancer survival: information from a large US population database. Annals of surgical oncology. 2006 Sep;13(9):1189–200.

27.

Pavlidis TE, Pavlidis ET, Sakantamis AK. Current opinion on lymphadenectomy in pancreatic cancer surgery. Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international. 2011 Feb;10(1):21–5.

28.

Kooby D a, Chu CK. Laparoscopic management of pancreatic malignancies. The Surgical clinics of North America. 2010 Apr;90(2):427–46.

29.

Fernández-Cruz L, Cosa R, Blanco L, Levi S, López-Boado M-A, Navarro S. Curative laparoscopic resection for pancreatic neoplasms: a critical analysis from a single institution. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2007 Dec;11(12):1607–21; discussion 1621–2.

30.

Dulucq JL, Wintringer P, Mahajna A. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and malignant diseases. Surgical endoscopy. 2006 Jul;20(7):1045–50.

31.

Hellan M, Sun C-L, Artinyan A, Mojica-Manosa P, Bhatia S, Ellenhorn JDI, et al. The impact of lymph node number on survival in patients with lymph node-negative pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 2008 Jul;37(1):19–24.

32.

Slidell MB, Chang DC, Cameron JL, Wolfgang C, Herman JM, Schulick RD, et al. Impact of total lymph node count and lymph node ratio on staging and survival after pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a large, population-based analysis. Annals of surgical oncology. 2008 Jan;15(1):165–74.

33.

Ishikawa O, Ohhigashi H, Sasaki Y, Kabuto T, Fukuda I, Furukawa H, et al. Practical usefulness of lymphatic and connective tissue clearance for the carcinoma of the pancreas head. Annals of surgery. 1988 Aug;208(2):215–20.

34.

Manabe T, Ohshio G, Baba N, Miyashita T, Asano N, Tamura K, et al. Radical pancreatectomy for ductal cell carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Cancer. 1989 Sep 1;64(5):1132–7.

35.

Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, Lillemoe KD, Sohn TA, Campbell KA, Sauter PK, et al. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without distal gastrectomy and extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma, part 2: randomized controlled trial evaluating survival, morbidity, and mortality. Annals of surgery. 2002 Sep;236(3):355–66; discussion 366–8.

36.

Riall TS, Cameron JL, Lillemoe KD, Campbell KA, Sauter PK, Coleman J, et al. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without distal gastrectomy and extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma—part 3: update on 5-year survival. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2005 Dec;9(9):1191–204; discussion 1204–6.

37.

Pedrazzoli S, DiCarlo V, Dionigi R, Mosca F, Pederzoli P, Pasquali C, et al. Standard versus extended lymphadenectomy associated with pancreatoduodenectomy in the surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas: a multicenter, prospective, randomized study. Lymphadenectomy Study Group. Annals of surgery. 1998 Oct;228(4):508–17.

38.

Bhatti I, Peacock O, Awan AK, Semeraro D, Larvin M, Hall RI. Lymph node ratio versus number of affected lymph nodes as predictors of survival for resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World Journal of Surgery. 2010 Apr;34(4):768–75.

Title: N0/N1, PNL, or LNR? The Effect of Lymph Node Number on Accurate Survival Prediction in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nakul P. Valsangkar
Devon M. Bush
James S. Michaelson
Cristina R. Ferrone
Jennifer A. Wargo
Keith D. Lillemoe
Carlos Fernández-del Castillo
Andrew L. Warshaw
Sarah P. Thayer
Publication date: 01-02-2013
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1091-255X
Electronic ISSN: 1873-4626
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-012-1974-7

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

N0/N1, PNL, or LNR? The Effect of Lymph Node Number on Accurate Survival Prediction in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2013

Young Patients Undergoing Resection of Pancreatic Cancer Fare Better than their Older Counterparts

Persistent Perforation in Non-Faeculant Diverticular Peritonitis—Incidence and Clinical Significance

Defining Quality for Distal Pancreatectomy: Does the Laparoscopic Approach Protect Patients from Poor Quality Outcomes?

Meta-analysis of Bioabsorbable Staple Line Reinforcement and Risk of Fistula Following Pancreatic Resection

Clinical Application of Image-Enhanced Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery for Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study

The Management of Acute Cholecystitis in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Versus Cholecystectomy