Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
Published in: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 4/2013

Open Access 01-07-2013 | Original Article

Three-dimensional histological specimen preparation for accurate imaging and spatial reconstruction of the middle and inner ear

Authors: Thomas S. Rau, Waldemar Würfel, Thomas Lenarz, Omid Majdani

Published in: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery | Issue 4/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

   This paper presents a highly accurate cross-sectional preparation technique. The research aim was to develop an adequate imaging modality for both soft and bony tissue structures featuring high contrast and high resolution. Therefore, the advancement of an already existing microgrinding procedure was pursued. The central objectives were to preserve spatial relations and to ensure the accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of histological sections.

Methods

   Twelve human temporal bone specimens including middle and inner ear structures were utilized. They were embedded in epoxy resin, then dissected by serial grinding and finally digitalized. The actual abrasion of each grinding slice was measured using a tactile length gauge with an accuracy of one micrometre. The cross-sectional images were aligned with the aid of artificial markers and by applying a feature-based, custom-made auto-registration algorithm. To determine the accuracy of the overall reconstruction procedure, a well-known reference object was used for comparison. To ensure the compatibility of the histological data with conventional clinical image data, the image stacks were finally converted into the DICOM standard.

Results

   The image fusion of data from temporal bone specimens’ and from non-destructive flat-panel-based volume computed tomography confirmed the spatial accuracy achieved by the procedure, as did the evaluation using the reference object.

Conclusion

   This systematic and easy-to-follow preparation technique enables the three-dimensional (3D) histological reconstruction of complex soft and bony tissue structures. It facilitates the creation of detailed and spatially correct 3D anatomical models. Such models are of great benefit for image-based segmentation and planning in the field of computer-assisted surgery as well as in finite element analysis. In the context of human inner ear surgery, three-dimensional histology will improve the experimental evaluation and determination of intra-cochlear trauma after the insertion of an electrode array of a cochlear implant system.
Footnotes
1
Also known as intra-operative navigation systems.
 
2
Anonymized temporal bones were used for this study; thus, no approval by the appropriated ethics committee at Hannover Medical School was necessary. As a consequence, no patient-specific data are available, such as sex, age or pre-existing conditions.
 
Literature
1.
Adunka O, Gstoettner W, Hambek M, Unkelbach MH, Radeloff A, Kiefer J (2004) Preservation of basal inner ear structures in cochlear implantation. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 66(6):306–312PubMedCrossRef
2.
Aerts J, Dirckx J, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L (2012) High-resolution 3D surface model of bone and soft tissue structures in the human middle ear. Assoc Res Otolaryngol Abstr 134, p 47
3.
Aschendorff A, Kubalek R, Hochmuth A, Bink A, Kurtz C, Lohnstein P, Klenzner T, Laszig R (2004) Imaging procedures in cochlear implant patients—evaluation of different radiological techniques. Acta Otolaryngol 124(S552):46–49CrossRef
4.
Aschendorff A, Kubalek R, Turowski B, Zanella F, Hochmuth A, Schumacher M, Klenzner T, Laszig R (2005) Quality control after cochlear implant surgery by means of rotational tomography. Otol Neurotol 26(1):34–37PubMedCrossRef
5.
Balachandran R, Mitchell JE, Blachon G, Noble JH, Dawant BM, Fitzpatrick JM, Labadie RF (2010) Percutaneous cochlear implant drilling via customized frames: an in vitro study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 142(3):421–426PubMedCrossRef
6.
Baron S, Eilers H, Hornung O, Heimann B, Leinung M, Bartling S, Lenarz T, Majdani O (2006) Conception of a robot assisted cochleostomy: first experimental results. In: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on research and education in mechatronics (REM 2006). Stockholm, Schweden
7.
Baron S, Eilers H, Munske B, Toennies JL, Balachandran R, Labadie RF, Ortmaier T, Webster RJ III (2010) Percutaneous inner-ear access via an image-guided industrial robot system. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 224(5):633–649PubMedCrossRef
8.
Bartling SH, Gupta R, Torkos A, Dullin C, Eckhardt G, Lenarz T, Becker H, Stöver T (2006) Flat-panel volume computed tomography for cochlear implant electrode array examination in isolated temporal bone specimens. Otol Neurotol 27(4):491–498PubMedCrossRef
9.
Braun K, Böhnke F, Stark T (2012) Three-dimensional representation of the human cochlea using micro-computed tomography data: presenting an anatomical model for further numerical calculations. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 132(6):603–613PubMedCrossRef
10.
Büchner A, Schüssler M, Battmer RD, Stöver T, Lesinski-Schiedat A, Lenarz T (2009) Impact of low-frequency hearing. Audiol Neurootol 14(Suppl 1):8–13PubMed
11.
12.
Briggs RJS, Tykocinski M, Xu J, Risi F, Svehla M, Cowan R, Stover T, Erfurt P, Lenarz T (2006) Comparison of round window and cochleostomy approaches with a prototype hearing preservation electrode. Audiol Neurootol 11(Suppl 1):42–48PubMed
13.
14.
Buytaert JAN, Dirckx JJJ (2007) Design and quantitative resolution measurements of an optical virtual sectioning three-dimensional imaging technique for biomedical specimens, featuring two-micrometer slicing resolution. J Biomed Opt 12(1):014039PubMedCrossRef
15.
Buytaert J, Descamps E, Adriaens D, Dirckx J (2010) Orthogonal-plane fluorescence optical sectioning : a technique for 3-D imaging of biomedical specimens. In: Méndez-Vilas A, Díaz J (eds) Microscopy: science, technology, applications and education. Formatex. pp 1356–1365
16.
Buytaert JAN, Salih WHM, Dierick M, Jacobs P, Dirckx JJJ (2011) Realistic 3D computer model of the gerbil middle ear, featuring accurate morphology of bone and soft tissue structures. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 12(6):681–696PubMedCrossRef
17.
Buytaert JAN, Descamps E, Adriaens D, Dirckx JJJ (2012) The OPFOS microscopy family: high-resolution optical sectioning of biomedical specimens. Anat Res Int 2012:206238PubMed
18.
Chen BK, Clark GM, Jones R (2003) Evaluation of trajectories and contact pressures for the straight nucleus cochlear implant electrode array—a two-dimensional application of finite element analysis. Med Eng Phys 25(2):141–147PubMedCrossRef
19.
Clark GM (2006) The multiple-channel cochlear implant: the interface between sound and the central nervous system for hearing, speech, and language in deaf people-a personal perspective. Phil Trans R Soc B 361(1469):791–810PubMedCrossRef
20.
Coulson CJ, Taylor RP, Reid AP, Griffiths MV, Proops DW, Brett PN (2008) An autonomous surgical robot for drilling a cochleostomy: preliminary porcine trial. Clin Otolaryngol 33(4):343–347PubMedCrossRef
21.
Decraemer WF, Dirckx JJJ, Funnell WRJ (2003) Three-dimensional modelling of the middle-ear ossicular chain using a commercial high-resolution X-ray CT scanner. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 4(2):250–263PubMedCrossRef
22.
Dodt H-U, Leischner U, Schierloh A, Jährling N, Mauch CP, Deininger K, Deussing JM, Eder M, Zieglgänsberger W, Becker K (2007) Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain. Nat Methods 4(4): 331–336PubMedCrossRef
23.
Eilers H, Baron S, Ortmaier T, Heimann B, Baier C, Rau TS, Leinung M, Majdani O (2009) Navigated, robot assisted drilling of a minimally invasive cochlear access. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on mechatronics ICM 2009, pp 1–6
24.
Federspil PA, Geisthoff UW, Henrich D, Plinkert PK (2003) Development of the first force-controlled robot for otoneurosurgery. Laryngoscope 113(3):465–471PubMedCrossRef
25.
Federspil PA, Plinkert B, Plinkert PK (2003) Experimental robotic milling in skull-base surgery. Comput Aided Surg 8(1):42–48PubMedCrossRef
26.
Ferguson SJ, Bryant JT, Ito K (1999) Three-dimensional computational reconstruction of mixed anatomical tissues following histological preparation. Med Eng Phys 21(2):111–117PubMedCrossRef
27.
Gan RZ, Feng B, Sun Q (2004) Three-dimensional finite element modeling of human ear for sound transmission. Ann Biomed Eng 32(6):847–859PubMedCrossRef
28.
Gan RZ, Sun Q, Dyer RK, Chang K-H, Dormer KJ (2002) Three-dimensional modeling of middle ear biomechanics and its applications. Otol Neurotol 23(3):271–280PubMedCrossRef
29.
Gan RZ, Sun Q, Feng B, Wood MW (2006) Acoustic-structural coupled finite element analysis for sound transmission in human ear—pressure distributions. Med Eng Phys 28(5):395–404PubMedCrossRef
30.
Gantz BJ, Turner C, Gfeller KE, Lowder MW (2005) Preservation of hearing in cochlear implant surgery: advantages of combined electrical and acoustical speech processing. Laryngoscope 115(5):796–802PubMedCrossRef
31.
Gao X, Luo S, Yin H, Liu B, Xu M, Yuan Q, Gao X, Zhu P (2006) A micro-tomography method based on X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging for the visualization of micro-organs and soft tissues. Comput Med Imaging Graph 30(6–7):339–347PubMedCrossRef
32.
Ghiz AF, Salt AN, DeMott JE, Henson MM, Henson OW, Gewalt SL (2001) Quantitative anatomy of the round window and cochlear aqueduct in guinea pigs. Hear Res 162(1–2): 105–112PubMedCrossRef
33.
Glueckert R, Rask-Andersen H, Sergi C, Schmutzhard J, Mueller B, Beckmann F, Rittinger O, Hoefsloot LH, Schrott-Fischer A, Janecke AR (2010) Histology and synchrotron radiation-based microtomography of the inner ear in a molecularly confirmed case of CHARGE syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 152A(3):665–673PubMedCrossRef
34.
Henson MM, Henson OW, Gewalt SL, Wilson JL, Johnson GA (1994) Imaging the cochlea by magnetic resonance microscopy. Hear Res 75(1–2):75–80PubMedCrossRef
35.
Hofer M, Dittrich E, Scholl C, Neumuth T, Strauss M, Dietz A, Lüth T, Strauss G (2008) First clinical evaluation of the navigated controlled drill at the lateral skull base. Stud Health Technol Inform 132:171–173PubMed
36.
Hofer M, Grunert R, Dittrich E, Müller E, Möckel M, Koulechov K, Strauss M, Korb W, Schulz T, Dietz A, Lüth T, Strauss G (2007) Surgery on the lateral skull base with the navigated controlled drill employed for a mastoidectomy (pre clinical evaluation). Stud Health Technol Inform 125:179–184PubMed
37.
Hofman R, Segenhout JM, Albers FWJ, Wit HP (2005) The relationship of the round window membrane to the cochlear aqueduct shown in three-dimensional imaging. Hear Res 209(1–2):19–23
38.
Hofman R, Segenhout JM, Buytaert JAN, Dirckx JJJ, Wit HP (2008) Morphology and function of Bast’s valve: additional insight in its functioning using 3D-reconstruction. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 265(2):153–157PubMedCrossRef
39.
Hofman R, Segenhout JM, Wit HP (2009) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the guinea pig inner ear, comparison of opfos and light microscopy, applications of 3d reconstruction. J Microsc 233(2):251–257PubMedCrossRef
40.
Huisken J, Swoger J, Bene FD, Wittbrodt J, Stelzer EHK (2004) Optical sectioning deep inside live embryos by selective plane illumination microscopy. Science 305(5686):1007–1009PubMedCrossRef
41.
Huisken J, Stainier DYR (2009) Selective plane illumination microscopy techniques in developmental biology. Development 136(12):1963–1975PubMedCrossRef
42.
Hussong A, Rau TS, Ortmaier T, Heimann B, Lenarz T, Majdani O (2010) An automated insertion tool for cochlear implants: another step towards atraumatic cochlear implant surgery. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 5(2):163–171PubMedCrossRef
43.
Husstedt HW, Aschendorff A, Richter B, Laszig R, Schumacher M (2002) Nondestructive three-dimensional analysis of electrode to modiolus proximity. Otol Neurotol 23(1):49–52PubMedCrossRef
44.
Johnson SB, Schmitz HM, Santi PA (2011) TSLIM imaging and a morphometric analysis of the mouse spiral ganglion. Hear Res 278(1–2):34–42PubMedCrossRef
45.
Keller PJ, Schmidt AD, Santella A, Khairy K, Bao Z, Wittbrodt J, Stelzer EHK (2010) Fast, high-contrast imaging of animal development with scanned light sheet-based structured-illumination microscopy. Nat Methods 7(8):637–642PubMedCrossRef
46.
Kha HN, Chen BK, Clark GM (2007) 3D finite element analyses of insertion of the Nucleus standard straight and the Contour electrode arrays into the human cochlea. J Biomech 40(12):2796–2805PubMedCrossRef
47.
Kiefer J, Böhnke F, Adunka O, Arnold W (2006) Representation of acoustic signals in the human cochlea in presence of a cochlear implant electrode. Hear Res 221(1–2):36–43PubMedCrossRef
48.
Klenzner T, Richter B, Nagursky H, Schipper J, Laszig R, Aschendorff A (2004) Evaluation of the insertion-trauma of the nucleus contour advance electrode-array in a human temporal bone model. Laryngorhinootologie 83(12):840–844PubMedCrossRef
49.
Koizuka I, Seo Y, Murakami M, Seo R, Kato I (1997) Micro-magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear in the guinea pig. NMR Biomed 10(1):31–34PubMedCrossRef
50.
Kurzweg T, Dalchow CV, Bremke M, Majdani O, Kureck I, Knecht R, Werner JA, Teymoortash A (2010) The value of digital volume tomography in assessing the position of cochlear implant arrays in temporal bone specimens. Ear Hear 31(3):413– 419PubMedCrossRef
51.
Labadie RF, Balachandran R, Mitchell JE, Noble JH, Majdani O, Haynes DS, Bennett ML, Dawant BM, Fitzpatrick JM (2010) Clinical validation study of percutaneous cochlear access using patient-customized microstereotactic frames. Otol Neurotol 31(1):94–99PubMedCrossRef
52.
Labadie RF, Chodhury P, Cetinkaya E, Balachandran R, Haynes DS, Fenlon MR, Jusczyzck AS, Fitzpatrick JM (2005) Minimally invasive, image-guided, facial-recess approach to the middle ear: demonstration of the concept of percutaneous cochlear access in vitro. Otol Neurotol 26(4):557–562PubMedCrossRef
53.
Labadie RF, Noble JH, Dawant BM, Balachandran R, Majdani O, Fitzpatrick JM (2008) Clinical validation of percutaneous cochlear implant surgery: initial report. Laryngoscope 118(6):1031–1039PubMedCrossRef
54.
Lane JI, Witte RJ, Driscoll CLW, Camp JJ, Robb RA (2004) Imaging microscopy of the middle and inner ear: Part I: CT microscopy. Clin Anat 17(8):607–612PubMedCrossRef
55.
Lane JI, Witte RJ, Henson OW, Driscoll CLW, Camp J, Robb RA (2005) Imaging microscopy of the middle and inner ear: Part II: MR microscopy. Clin Anat 18(6):409–415PubMedCrossRef
56.
Lareida A, Beckmann F, Schrott-Fischer A, Glueckert R, Freysinger W, Müller B (2009) High-resolution X-ray tomography of the human inner ear: synchrotron radiation-based study of nerve fibre bundles, membranes and ganglion cells. J Microsc 234(1):95–102PubMedCrossRef
57.
Lee DH, Chan S, Salisbury C, Kim N, Salisbury K, Puria S, Blevins NH (2010) Reconstruction and exploration of virtual middle-ear models derived from micro-CT datasets. Hear Res 263(1–2):198–203PubMedCrossRef
58.
Leinung M, Baron S, Eilers H, Heimann B, Bartling S, Heermann R, Lenarz T, Majdani O (2007) Robotic-guided minimally-invasive cochleostomy: first results. In: GMS CURAC 2007. vol 2(1), 5 Doc 2007
59.
Lenarz T, Stöver T, Buechner A, Paasche G, Briggs R, Risi F, Pesch J, Battmer R-D (2006) Temporal bone results and hearing preservation with a new straight electrode. Audiol Neurootol 11(Suppl 1):34–41PubMed
60.
Lenarz T, Stöver T, Buechner A, Lesinski-Schiedat A, Patrick J, Pesch J (2009) Hearing conservation surgery using the hybrid-L electrode. Results from the first clinical trial at the medical University of Hannover. Audiol Neurootol 14(Suppl 1): 22–31
61.
Li PMMC, Wang H, Northrop C, Merchant SN, Nadol JB (2007) Anatomy of the round window and hook region of the cochlea with implications for cochlear implantation and other endocochlear surgical procedures. Otol Neurotol 28(5):641–648PubMedCrossRef
62.
Li S-F, Zhang T-Y, Wang Z-M (2006) An approach for precise three-dimensional modeling of the human inner ear. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 68(5):302–310PubMedCrossRef
63.
Liu B, Gao XL, Yin HX, Luo SQ, Lu J (2007) A detailed 3D model of the guinea pig cochlea. Brain Struct Funct 212(2):223–230PubMedCrossRef
64.
Majdani O, Bartling SH, Leinung M, Stöver T, Lenarz M, Dullin C, Lenarz T (2008) A true minimally invasive approach for cochlear implantation: high accuracy in cranial base navigation through flat-panel-based volume computed tomography. Otol Neurotol 29(2):120–123PubMedCrossRef
65.
Majdani O, Bartling SH, Leinung M, Stöver T, Lenarz M, Dullin C, Lenarz T (2008) reImage-guided minimal-invasive cochlear implantation—experiments on cadavers. Laryngorhinootologie 87(1):18–22PubMedCrossRef
66.
Majdani O, Rau TS, Baron S, Eilers H, Baier C, Heimann B, Ortmaier T, Bartling S, Lenarz T, Leinung M (2009) A robot-guided minimally invasive approach for cochlear implant surgery: preliminary results of a temporal bone study. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 4(5):475–486PubMedCrossRef
67.
Majdani O, Schurzig D, Hussong A, Rau T, Wittkopf J, Lenarz T, Labadie RF (2010) Force measurement of insertion of cochlear implant electrode arrays in vitro: comparison of surgeon to automated insertion tool. Acta Otolaryngol 130(1):31–36PubMedCrossRef
68.
Metscher BD (2009) MicroCT for comparative morphology: simple staining methods allow high-contrast 3D imaging of diverse non-mineralized animal tissues. BMC Physiol 9:11PubMedCrossRef
69.
Metscher BD (2009) MicroCT for developmental biology: a versatile tool for high-contrast 3D imaging at histological resolutions. Dev Dyn 238(3):632–640PubMedCrossRef
70.
71.
Pettit K, Henson MM, Henson OW, Gewalt SL, Salt AN (2002) Quantitative anatomy of the guinea pig endolymphatic sac. Hear Res 174(1–2):1–8PubMedCrossRef
72.
Plinkert PK, Federspil PA, Plinkert B, Henrich D (2002) Force-based local navigation in robot-assisted implantation bed anlage in the lateral skull base. An experimental study. HNO 50(3):233–239PubMedCrossRef
73.
Plinkert PK, Plinkert B, Hiller A, Stallkamp J (2001) Applications for a robot in the lateral skull base. Evaluation of robot-assisted mastoidectomy in an anatomic specimen. HNO 49(7):514–522PubMedCrossRef
74.
Podskarbi-Fayette R, Pilka A, Skarzynski H (2010) Electric stimulation complements functional residual hearing in partial deafness. Acta Otolaryngol 130(8):888–896PubMedCrossRef
75.
Postnov A, Zarowski A, Clerck ND, Vanpoucke F, Offeciers FE, Dyck DV, Peeters S (2006) High resolution micro-ct scanning as an innovative tool for evaluation of the surgical positioning of cochlear implant electrodes. Acta Otolaryngol 126(5):467–474PubMedCrossRef
76.
Poznyakovskiy AA, Zahnert T, Kalaidzidis Y, Schmidt R, Fischer B, Baumgart J, Yarin YM (2008) The creation of geometric three-dimensional models of the inner ear based on micro computer tomography data. Hear Res 243(1–2):95–104PubMedCrossRef
77.
Puria S, Steele C (2010) Tympanic-membrane and malleus-incus-complex co-adaptations for high-frequency hearing in mammals. Hear Res 263(1–2):183–190PubMedCrossRef
78.
Rau TS, Hussong A, Herzog A, Majdani O, Lenarz T, Leinung M (2011) Accuracy of computer-aided geometric 3D reconstruction based on histological serial microgrinding preparation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 14(7):581–594
79.
Rau TS, Hussong A, Leinung M, Lenarz T, Majdani O (2010) Automated insertion of preformed cochlear implant electrodes: evaluation of curling behaviour and insertion forces on an artificial cochlear model. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 5(2): 173–181PubMedCrossRef
80.
Rau C, Hwang M, Lee W-K, Richter C-P (2012) Quantitative X-ray tomography of the mouse cochlea. PLoS ONE 7(4):e33568PubMedCrossRef
81.
Richard C, Laroche N, Malaval L, Dumollard JM, Martin C, Peoch M, Vico L, Prades JM (2010) New insight into the bony labyrinth: a microcomputed tomography study. Auris Nasus Larynx 37(2):155–161PubMedCrossRef
82.
Richter B, Aschendorff A, Nagursky H, Schipper J, Laszig R, Klenzner T (2005) Methods for evaluation of perimodiolar CI electrode arrays in human temporal bones. Laryngorhinootologie 84(1):42–50PubMedCrossRef
83.
Rosenthal J, Mangal V, Walker D, Bennett M, Mohun TJ, Lo CW (2004) Rapid high resolution three dimensional reconstruction of embryos with episcopic fluorescence image capture. Birth Defects Res (Part C) 72:213–223CrossRef
84.
Salih WHM, Buytaert JAN, Aerts JRM, Vanderniepen P, Dierick M, Dirckx JJJ (2012) Open access high-resolution 3D morphology models of cat, gerbil, rabbit, rat and human ossicular chains. Hear Res 284(1–2):1–5PubMedCrossRef
85.
Salt AN, Henson MM, Gewalt SL, Keating AW, DeMott JE, Henson OW (1995) Detection and quantification of endolymphatic hydrops in the guinea pig cochlea by magnetic resonance microscopy. Hear Res 88(1–2):79–86PubMedCrossRef
86.
Santi PA (2011) Light sheet fluorescence microscopy: a review. J Histochem Cytochem 59(2):129–138
87.
Santi PA, Johnson SB, Hillenbrand M, GrandPre PZ, Glass TJ, Leger JR (2009) Thin-sheet laser imaging microscopy for optical sectioning of thick tissues. Biotechniques 46(4):287–294PubMed
88.
Santi PA, Rapson I, Voie A (2008) Development of the mouse cochlea database (MCD). Hear Res 243(1–2):11–17PubMedCrossRef
89.
90.
Schurzig D, Labadie RF, Hussong A, Rau TS, Webster RJ III, (2010a) A force sensing automated insertion tool for cochlear electrode implantation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international robotics and automation (ICRA) conference 3–8 May 2010. Anchorage. Alaska, USA, pp 3674–3679
91.
Schurzig D, Webster RJ III (2010b) Force of cochlear implant electrode insertion performed by a robotic insertion tool: comparison of traditional versus advance off-stylet techniques. Otol Neurotol 31(8):1207–1210PubMedCrossRef
92.
Seifert H, Röher U, Staszyk C, Angrisani N, Dziuba D, Meyer-Lindenberg A (2012) Optimising \({\mu }\text{ CT }\) imaging of the middle and inner cat ear. Anat Histol Embryol 41(2012):113–121PubMedCrossRef
93.
Shibata T, Matsumoto S, Agishi T, Nagano T (2009) Visualization of Reissner membrane and the spiral ganglion in human fetal cochlea by micro-computed tomography. Am J Otolaryngol 30(2):112–120PubMedCrossRef
94.
Silver RD, Djalilian HR, Levine SC, Rimell FL (2002) High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of human cochlea. Laryngoscope 112(10):1737–1741PubMedCrossRef
95.
Sim JH, Puria S (2008) Soft tissue morphometry of the malleus-incus complex from micro-CT imaging. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 9(1):5–21PubMedCrossRef
96.
Sørensen MS, Dobrzeniecki AB, Larsen P, Frisch T, Sporring J, Darvann TA (2002) The visible ear: a digital image library of the temporal bone. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 64(6):378–381PubMedCrossRef
97.
Spaendonck MPV, Cryns K, Heyning PHVD, Scheuermann DW, Camp GV, Timmermans JP (2000) High resolution imaging of the mouse inner ear by microtomography: a new tool in inner ear research. Anat Rec 259(2):229–236PubMedCrossRef
98.
Strauss G, Dittrich E, Baumberger C, Hofer M, Strauss M, Stopp S, Koulechov K, Dietz A, Lüth T (2008) reimprovement of registration accuracy for navigated-control drill in mastoidectomy (autopilot). Laryngorhinootologie 87(8):560–564PubMedCrossRef
99.
Strauss G, Koulechov K, Hofer M, Dittrich E, Grunert R, Moeckel H, Müller E, Korb W, Trantakis C, Schulz T, Meixensberger J, Dietz A, Lueth T (2007) The navigation-controlled drill in temporal bone surgery: a feasibility study. Laryngoscope 117(3):434–441PubMedCrossRef
100.
Stöver T, Issing P, Graurock G, Erfurt P, ElBeltagy Y, Paasche G, Lenarz T (2005) Evaluation of the advance off-stylet insertion technique and the cochlear insertion tool in temporal bones. Otol Neurotol 26(6):1161–1170PubMedCrossRef
101.
Sun Q, Chang K-H, Dormer KJ, Dyer RK, Gan RZ (2002a) An advanced computer-aided geometric modeling and fabrication method for human middle ear. Med Eng Phys 24(9):595–606PubMedCrossRef
102.
Sun Q, Gan RZ, Chang K-H, Dormer KJ (2002b) Computer-integrated finite element modeling of human middle ear. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 1(2):109–122PubMedCrossRef
103.
Thorne M, Salt AN, DeMott JE, Henson MM, Henson OW, Gewalt SL (1999) Cochlear fluid space dimensions for six species derived from reconstructions of three-dimensional magnetic resonance images. Laryngoscope 109(10):1661–1668
104.
Turner CW, Gantz BJ, Karsten S, Fowler J, Reiss LA (2010) Impact of hair cell preservation in cochlear implantation: combined electric and acoustic hearing. Otol Neurotol 31(8):1227–1232
105.
Uzun H, Curthoys IS, Jones AS (2007) A new approach to visualizing the membranous structures of the inner ear—high resolution X-ray micro-tomography. Acta Otolaryngol 127(6):568–573
106.
Vogel U (1999) New approach for 3D imaging and geometry modeling of the human inner ear. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 61(5):259–267PubMedCrossRef
107.
Voie AH, Spelman FA (1995) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlea from two-dimensional images of optical sections. Comput Med Imaging Graph 19(5):377–384PubMedCrossRef
108.
Voie AH (2002) Imaging the intact guinea pig tympanic bulla by orthogonal-plane fluorescence optical sectioning microscopy. Hear Res 171(1–2):119–128PubMedCrossRef
109.
von Ilberg C, Kiefer J, Tillein J, Pfenningdorff T, Hartmann R, Stürzebecher E, Klinke R (1999) Electric-acoustic stimulation of the auditory system. new technology for severe hearing loss. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 61(6):334–340CrossRef
110.
von Ilberg CA, Baumann U, Kiefer J, Tillein J, Adunka OF (2011) Electric-acoustic stimulation of the auditory system: a review of the first decade. Audiol Neurootol 16(Suppl 2):1–30
111.
Wang H, Merchant SN, Sorensen MS (2007) A downloadable three-dimensional virtual model of the visible ear. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 69(2):63–67PubMedCrossRef
112.
Wang H, Northrop C, Burgess B, Liberman MC, Merchant SN (2006) Three-dimensional virtual model of the human temporal bone: a stand-alone, downloadable teaching tool. Otol Neurotol 27(4):452–457PubMedCrossRef
113.
Wardrop P, Whinney D, Rebscher SJ, Roland JT, Luxford W, Leake PA (2005) A temporal bone study of insertion trauma and intracochlear position of cochlear implant electrodes. I: comparison of nucleus banded and nucleus contour electrodes. Hear Res 203(1–2):54–67
114.
Warren FM, Balachandran R, Fitzpatrick JM, Labadie RF (2007) Percutaneous cochlear access using bone-mounted, customized drill guides: demonstration of concept in vitro. Otol Neurotol 28(3):325–329PubMedCrossRef
115.
Whiting BR, Holden TA, Brunsden BS, Finley CC, Skinner MW (2008) Use of computed tomography scans for cochlear implants. J Digit Imaging 21(3):323–328PubMedCrossRef
116.
Xia T, Baird C, Jallo G, Hayes K, Nakajima N, Hata N, Kazanzides P (2008) An integrated system for planning, navigation and robotic assistance for skull base surgery. Int J Med Robot 4(4):321–330PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zhen J, Liu C, Wang S, Liu S, He J, Wang J, Chen H (2007) The thin sectional anatomy of the temporal bone correlated with multislice spiral CT. Surg Radiol Anat 29(5):409–418PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Three-dimensional histological specimen preparation for accurate imaging and spatial reconstruction of the middle and inner ear
Authors
Thomas S. Rau
Waldemar Würfel
Thomas Lenarz
Omid Majdani
Publication date
01-07-2013
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery / Issue 4/2013
Print ISSN: 1861-6410
Electronic ISSN: 1861-6429
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-013-0825-7

Other articles of this Issue 4/2013

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 4/2013 Go to the issue

Original Article

A pilot study on magnetic navigation for transcatheter aortic valve implantation using dynamic aortic model and US image guidance

Original Article

Discriminative generalized Hough transform for object localization in medical images

Original Article

An evaluation of image descriptors combined with clinical data for breast cancer diagnosis

Original Article

Comparative exploration of whole-body MR through locally rigid transforms

Original Article

Computer-aided focal liver lesion detection

Original Article

Multimodality GPU-based computer-assisted diagnosis of breast cancer using ultrasound and digital mammography images