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Neuropsychology Review
Published in: Neuropsychology Review 3/2014

Open Access 01-09-2014 | Review

How Does it STAC Up? Revisiting the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition

Authors: Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, Denise C. Park

Published in: Neuropsychology Review | Issue 3/2014

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Abstract

“The Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC)”, proposed in 2009, is a conceptual model of cognitive aging that integrated evidence from structural and functional neuroimaging to explain how the combined effects of adverse and compensatory neural processes produce varying levels of cognitive function. The model made clear and testable predictions about how different brain variables, both structural and functional, were related to cognitive function, focusing on the core construct of compensatory scaffolding. The present paper provides a revised model that integrates new evidence about the aging brain that has emerged since STAC was published 5 years ago. Unlike the original STAC model, STAC-r incorporates life-course factors that serve to enhance or deplete neural resources, thereby influencing the developmental course of brain structure and function, as well as cognition, over time. Life-course factors also influence compensatory processes that are engaged to meet cognitive challenge, and to ameliorate the adverse effects of structural and functional decline. The revised model is discussed in relation to recent lifespan and longitudinal data as well as emerging evidence about the effects of training interventions. STAC-r goes beyond the previous model by combining a life-span approach with a life-course approach to understand and predict cognitive status and rate of cognitive change over time.
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Metadata
Title
How Does it STAC Up? Revisiting the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition
Authors
Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz
Denise C. Park
Publication date
01-09-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Neuropsychology Review / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1040-7308
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6660
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-014-9270-9

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