Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 3/2008

01-09-2008

Signal Transduction in Transgenic Mouse Models of Human Breast Cancer—Implications for Human Breast Cancer

Authors: Richard Marcotte, William J. Muller

Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia | Issue 3/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

The advent of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMs) of human breast cancer, have provided important insight into molecular basis or human breast cancer. This review will focus on two of the most extensively studied mouse models for human breast cancer involving mammary gland specific expression of the polyoma middle T (PyV MT) antigen and of the ErbB2. In addition, this review will discuss past and recent advances in understanding relative contribution of the signaling pathways in tumor induction and metastasis by these potent mammary oncogenes.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Lester J. Breast cancer in 2007: incidence, risk assessment, and risk reduction strategies. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2007;11 (5):619–22.PubMedCrossRef Lester J. Breast cancer in 2007: incidence, risk assessment, and risk reduction strategies. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2007;11 (5):619–22.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Cardiff RD, Anver MR, Gusterson BA, Hennighausen L, Jensen RA, Merino MJ, et al. The mammary pathology of genetically engineered mice: the consensus report and recommendations from the Annapolis meeting. Oncogene 2000;19 (8):968–88.PubMedCrossRef Cardiff RD, Anver MR, Gusterson BA, Hennighausen L, Jensen RA, Merino MJ, et al. The mammary pathology of genetically engineered mice: the consensus report and recommendations from the Annapolis meeting. Oncogene 2000;19 (8):968–88.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Callahan R, Smith GH. MMTV-induced mammary tumorigenesis: gene discovery, progression to malignancy and cellular pathways. Oncogene 2000;19 (8):992–1001.PubMedCrossRef Callahan R, Smith GH. MMTV-induced mammary tumorigenesis: gene discovery, progression to malignancy and cellular pathways. Oncogene 2000;19 (8):992–1001.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Allan AL, Vantyghem SA, Tuck AB, Chambers AF. Tumor dormancy and cancer stem cells: implications for the biology and treatment of breast cancer metastasis. Breast Dis 2006;26:87–98.PubMed Allan AL, Vantyghem SA, Tuck AB, Chambers AF. Tumor dormancy and cancer stem cells: implications for the biology and treatment of breast cancer metastasis. Breast Dis 2006;26:87–98.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Brackstone M, Townson JL, Chambers AF. Tumour dormancy in breast cancer: an update. Breast Cancer Res 2007;9 (3):208.PubMedCrossRef Brackstone M, Townson JL, Chambers AF. Tumour dormancy in breast cancer: an update. Breast Cancer Res 2007;9 (3):208.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Aguirre-Ghiso JA. Models, mechanisms and clinical evidence for cancer dormancy. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7 (11):834–46.PubMedCrossRef Aguirre-Ghiso JA. Models, mechanisms and clinical evidence for cancer dormancy. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7 (11):834–46.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Pao W, Klimstra DS, Fisher GH, Varmus HE. Use of avian retroviral vectors to introduce transcriptional regulators into mammalian cells for analyses of tumor maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100 (15):8764–9.PubMedCrossRef Pao W, Klimstra DS, Fisher GH, Varmus HE. Use of avian retroviral vectors to introduce transcriptional regulators into mammalian cells for analyses of tumor maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100 (15):8764–9.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Guy CT, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Induction of mammary tumors by expression of polyomavirus middle T oncogene: a transgenic mouse model for metastatic disease. Mol Cell Biol 1992;12 (3):954–61.PubMed Guy CT, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Induction of mammary tumors by expression of polyomavirus middle T oncogene: a transgenic mouse model for metastatic disease. Mol Cell Biol 1992;12 (3):954–61.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Lin EY, Jones JG, Li P, Zhu L, Whitney KD, Muller WJ, et al. Progression to malignancy in the polyoma middle T oncoprotein mouse breast cancer model provides a reliable model for human diseases. Am J Pathol 2003;163 (5):2113–26.PubMed Lin EY, Jones JG, Li P, Zhu L, Whitney KD, Muller WJ, et al. Progression to malignancy in the polyoma middle T oncoprotein mouse breast cancer model provides a reliable model for human diseases. Am J Pathol 2003;163 (5):2113–26.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Dilworth SM. Polyoma virus middle T antigen and its role in identifying cancer-related molecules. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2 (12):951–6.PubMedCrossRef Dilworth SM. Polyoma virus middle T antigen and its role in identifying cancer-related molecules. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2 (12):951–6.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Ichaso N, Dilworth SM. Cell transformation by the middle T-antigen of polyoma virus. Oncogene 2001;20 (54):7908–16.PubMedCrossRef Ichaso N, Dilworth SM. Cell transformation by the middle T-antigen of polyoma virus. Oncogene 2001;20 (54):7908–16.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Ahuja D, Saenz-Robles MT, Pipas JM. SV40 large T antigen targets multiple cellular pathways to elicit cellular transformation. Oncogene 2005;24 (52):7729–45.PubMedCrossRef Ahuja D, Saenz-Robles MT, Pipas JM. SV40 large T antigen targets multiple cellular pathways to elicit cellular transformation. Oncogene 2005;24 (52):7729–45.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Green JE, Shibata MA, Yoshidome K, Liu ML, Jorcyk C, Anver MR, et al. The C3(1)/SV40 T-antigen transgenic mouse model of mammary cancer: ductal epithelial cell targeting with multistage progression to carcinoma. Oncogene 2000;19 (8):1020–7.PubMedCrossRef Green JE, Shibata MA, Yoshidome K, Liu ML, Jorcyk C, Anver MR, et al. The C3(1)/SV40 T-antigen transgenic mouse model of mammary cancer: ductal epithelial cell targeting with multistage progression to carcinoma. Oncogene 2000;19 (8):1020–7.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Piccart M, Lohrisch C, Di Leo A, Larsimont D. The predictive value of HER2 in breast cancer. Oncology 2001;61 (Suppl 2):73–82.PubMedCrossRef Piccart M, Lohrisch C, Di Leo A, Larsimont D. The predictive value of HER2 in breast cancer. Oncology 2001;61 (Suppl 2):73–82.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Eccles SA. The role of c-erbB-2/HER2/neu in breast cancer progression and metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2001;6 (4):393–406.PubMedCrossRef Eccles SA. The role of c-erbB-2/HER2/neu in breast cancer progression and metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2001;6 (4):393–406.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Muller WJ, Sinn E, Pattengale PK, Wallace R, Leder P. Single-step induction of mammary adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice bearing the activated c-neu oncogene. Cell 1988;54 (1):105–15.PubMedCrossRef Muller WJ, Sinn E, Pattengale PK, Wallace R, Leder P. Single-step induction of mammary adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice bearing the activated c-neu oncogene. Cell 1988;54 (1):105–15.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Bouchard L, Lamarre L, Tremblay PJ, Jolicoeur P. Stochastic appearance of mammary tumors in transgenic mice carrying the MMTV/c-neu oncogene. Cell 1989;57 (6):931–6.PubMedCrossRef Bouchard L, Lamarre L, Tremblay PJ, Jolicoeur P. Stochastic appearance of mammary tumors in transgenic mice carrying the MMTV/c-neu oncogene. Cell 1989;57 (6):931–6.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Lemoine NR, Staddon S, Dickson C, Barnes DM, Gullick WJ. Absence of activating transmembrane mutations in the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene in human breast cancer. Oncogene 1990;5 (2):237–9.PubMed Lemoine NR, Staddon S, Dickson C, Barnes DM, Gullick WJ. Absence of activating transmembrane mutations in the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene in human breast cancer. Oncogene 1990;5 (2):237–9.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Guy CT, Webster MA, Schaller M, Parsons TJ, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Expression of the neu protooncogene in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice induces metastatic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89 (22):10578–82.PubMedCrossRef Guy CT, Webster MA, Schaller M, Parsons TJ, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Expression of the neu protooncogene in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice induces metastatic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89 (22):10578–82.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Siegel PM, Dankort DL, Hardy WR, Muller WJ. Novel activating mutations in the neu proto-oncogene involved in induction of mammary tumors. Mol Cell Biol 1994;14 (11):7068–77.PubMed Siegel PM, Dankort DL, Hardy WR, Muller WJ. Novel activating mutations in the neu proto-oncogene involved in induction of mammary tumors. Mol Cell Biol 1994;14 (11):7068–77.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Siegel PM, Muller WJ. Mutations affecting conserved cysteine residues within the extracellular domain of Neu promote receptor dimerization and activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93 (17):8878–83.PubMedCrossRef Siegel PM, Muller WJ. Mutations affecting conserved cysteine residues within the extracellular domain of Neu promote receptor dimerization and activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93 (17):8878–83.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Siegel PM, Ryan ED, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Elevated expression of activated forms of Neu/ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 are involved in the induction of mammary tumors in transgenic mice: implications for human breast cancer. Embo J 1999;18 (8):2149–64.PubMedCrossRef Siegel PM, Ryan ED, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Elevated expression of activated forms of Neu/ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 are involved in the induction of mammary tumors in transgenic mice: implications for human breast cancer. Embo J 1999;18 (8):2149–64.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Kwong KY, Hung MC. A novel splice variant of HER2 with increased transformation activity. Mol Carcinog 1998;23 (2):62–8.PubMedCrossRef Kwong KY, Hung MC. A novel splice variant of HER2 with increased transformation activity. Mol Carcinog 1998;23 (2):62–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Moody SE, Sarkisian CJ, Hahn KT, Gunther EJ, Pickup S, Dugan KD, et al. Conditional activation of Neu in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice results in reversible pulmonary metastasis. Cancer Cell 2002;2 (6):451–61.PubMedCrossRef Moody SE, Sarkisian CJ, Hahn KT, Gunther EJ, Pickup S, Dugan KD, et al. Conditional activation of Neu in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice results in reversible pulmonary metastasis. Cancer Cell 2002;2 (6):451–61.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Moody SE, Perez D, Pan TC, Sarkisian CJ, Portocarrero CP, Sterner CJ, et al. The transcriptional repressor Snail promotes mammary tumor recurrence. Cancer Cell 2005;8 (3):197–209.PubMedCrossRef Moody SE, Perez D, Pan TC, Sarkisian CJ, Portocarrero CP, Sterner CJ, et al. The transcriptional repressor Snail promotes mammary tumor recurrence. Cancer Cell 2005;8 (3):197–209.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Andrechek ER, Hardy WR, Siegel PM, Rudnicki MA, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Amplification of the neu/erbB-2 oncogene in a mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97 (7):3444–9.PubMedCrossRef Andrechek ER, Hardy WR, Siegel PM, Rudnicki MA, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Amplification of the neu/erbB-2 oncogene in a mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97 (7):3444–9.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Montagna C, Andrechek ER, Padilla-Nash H, Muller WJ, Ried T. Centrosome abnormalities, recurring deletions of chromosome 4, and genomic amplification of HER2/neu define mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas induced by mutant HER2/neu. Oncogene 2002;21 (6):890–8.PubMedCrossRef Montagna C, Andrechek ER, Padilla-Nash H, Muller WJ, Ried T. Centrosome abnormalities, recurring deletions of chromosome 4, and genomic amplification of HER2/neu define mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas induced by mutant HER2/neu. Oncogene 2002;21 (6):890–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Montagna C, Andrechek ER, Padilla-Nash H, Muller WJ, Ried T. Centrosome abnormalities, recurring deletions of chromosome 4, and genomic amplification of HER2/neu define mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas induced by mutant HER2/neu. Oncogene 2002;21 (6):890–8.PubMedCrossRef Montagna C, Andrechek ER, Padilla-Nash H, Muller WJ, Ried T. Centrosome abnormalities, recurring deletions of chromosome 4, and genomic amplification of HER2/neu define mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas induced by mutant HER2/neu. Oncogene 2002;21 (6):890–8.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Andrechek ER, Laing MA, Girgis-Gabardo AA, Siegel PM, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Gene expression profiling of neu-induced mammary tumors from transgenic mice reveals genetic and morphological similarities to ErbB2-expressing human breast cancers. Cancer Res 2003;63 (16):4920–6.PubMed Andrechek ER, Laing MA, Girgis-Gabardo AA, Siegel PM, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Gene expression profiling of neu-induced mammary tumors from transgenic mice reveals genetic and morphological similarities to ErbB2-expressing human breast cancers. Cancer Res 2003;63 (16):4920–6.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Gullick WJ. A new model for ductal carcinoma in situ suggests strategies for treatment. Breast Cancer Res 2002;4 (5):176–8.PubMedCrossRef Gullick WJ. A new model for ductal carcinoma in situ suggests strategies for treatment. Breast Cancer Res 2002;4 (5):176–8.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Tanner MM, Tirkkonen M, Kallioniemi A, Isola J, Kuukasjarvi T, Collins C, et al. Independent amplification and frequent co-amplification of three nonsyntenic regions on the long arm of chromosome 20 in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1996;56 (15):3441–5.PubMed Tanner MM, Tirkkonen M, Kallioniemi A, Isola J, Kuukasjarvi T, Collins C, et al. Independent amplification and frequent co-amplification of three nonsyntenic regions on the long arm of chromosome 20 in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1996;56 (15):3441–5.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Wiener JR, Kerns BJ, Harvey EL, Conaway MR, Iglehart JD, Berchuck A, et al. Overexpression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B in human breast cancer: association with p185c-erbB-2 protein expression. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86 (5):372–8.PubMedCrossRef Wiener JR, Kerns BJ, Harvey EL, Conaway MR, Iglehart JD, Berchuck A, et al. Overexpression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B in human breast cancer: association with p185c-erbB-2 protein expression. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86 (5):372–8.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Bentires-Alj M, Gil SG, Chan R, Wang ZC, Wang Y, Imanaka N, et al. A role for the scaffolding adapter GAB2 in breast cancer. Nat Med 2006;12 (1):114–21.PubMedCrossRef Bentires-Alj M, Gil SG, Chan R, Wang ZC, Wang Y, Imanaka N, et al. A role for the scaffolding adapter GAB2 in breast cancer. Nat Med 2006;12 (1):114–21.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Julien SG, Dube N, Read M, Penney J, Paquet M, Han Y, et al. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B deficiency or inhibition delays ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis and protects from lung metastasis. Nat Genet 2007;39 (3):338–46.PubMedCrossRef Julien SG, Dube N, Read M, Penney J, Paquet M, Han Y, et al. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B deficiency or inhibition delays ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis and protects from lung metastasis. Nat Genet 2007;39 (3):338–46.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Demidov ON, Kek C, Shreeram S, Timofeev O, Fornace AJ, Appella E, et al. The role of the MKK6/p38 MAPK pathway in Wip1-dependent regulation of ErbB2-driven mammary gland tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2007;26 (17):2502–6.PubMedCrossRef Demidov ON, Kek C, Shreeram S, Timofeev O, Fornace AJ, Appella E, et al. The role of the MKK6/p38 MAPK pathway in Wip1-dependent regulation of ErbB2-driven mammary gland tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2007;26 (17):2502–6.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Bulavin DV, Phillips C, Nannenga B, Timofeev O, Donehower LA, Anderson CW, et al. Inactivation of the Wip1 phosphatase inhibits mammary tumorigenesis through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of the p16(Ink4a)–p19(Arf) pathway. Nat Genet 2004;36 (4):343–50.PubMedCrossRef Bulavin DV, Phillips C, Nannenga B, Timofeev O, Donehower LA, Anderson CW, et al. Inactivation of the Wip1 phosphatase inhibits mammary tumorigenesis through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of the p16(Ink4a)–p19(Arf) pathway. Nat Genet 2004;36 (4):343–50.PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Muller WJ, Arteaga CL, Muthuswamy SK, Siegel PM, Webster MA, Cardiff RD, et al. Synergistic interaction of the Neu proto-oncogene product and transforming growth factor alpha in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice. Mol Cell Biol 1996;16 (10):5726–36.PubMed Muller WJ, Arteaga CL, Muthuswamy SK, Siegel PM, Webster MA, Cardiff RD, et al. Synergistic interaction of the Neu proto-oncogene product and transforming growth factor alpha in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice. Mol Cell Biol 1996;16 (10):5726–36.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Gillgrass A, Cardiff RD, Sharan N, Kannan S, Muller WJ. Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent activation of Gab1 is involved in ErbB-2-mediated mammary tumor progression. Oncogene 2003;22 (57):9151–5.PubMedCrossRef Gillgrass A, Cardiff RD, Sharan N, Kannan S, Muller WJ. Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent activation of Gab1 is involved in ErbB-2-mediated mammary tumor progression. Oncogene 2003;22 (57):9151–5.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Jackson-Fisher AJ, Bellinger G, Shum E, Duong JK, Perkins AS, Gassmann M, et al. Formation of Neu/ErbB2-induced mammary tumors is unaffected by loss of ErbB4. Oncogene 2006;25:5664–72.PubMedCrossRef Jackson-Fisher AJ, Bellinger G, Shum E, Duong JK, Perkins AS, Gassmann M, et al. Formation of Neu/ErbB2-induced mammary tumors is unaffected by loss of ErbB4. Oncogene 2006;25:5664–72.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Kim H, Muller WJ. The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor family in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Exp Cell Res 1999;253 (1):78–87.PubMedCrossRef Kim H, Muller WJ. The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor family in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Exp Cell Res 1999;253 (1):78–87.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Guy CT, Muthuswamy SK, Cardiff RD, Soriano P, Muller WJ. Activation of the c-Src tyrosine kinase is required for the induction of mammary tumors in transgenic mice. Genes Dev 1994;8 (1):23–32.PubMedCrossRef Guy CT, Muthuswamy SK, Cardiff RD, Soriano P, Muller WJ. Activation of the c-Src tyrosine kinase is required for the induction of mammary tumors in transgenic mice. Genes Dev 1994;8 (1):23–32.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Muthuswamy SK, Siegel PM, Dankort DL, Webster MA, Muller WJ. Mammary tumors expressing the neu proto-oncogene possess elevated c-Src tyrosine kinase activity. Mol Cell Biol 1994;14 (1):735–43.PubMed Muthuswamy SK, Siegel PM, Dankort DL, Webster MA, Muller WJ. Mammary tumors expressing the neu proto-oncogene possess elevated c-Src tyrosine kinase activity. Mol Cell Biol 1994;14 (1):735–43.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Muthuswamy SK, Muller WJ. Direct and specific interaction of c-Src with Neu is involved in signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor. Oncogene 1995;11 (2):271–9.PubMed Muthuswamy SK, Muller WJ. Direct and specific interaction of c-Src with Neu is involved in signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor. Oncogene 1995;11 (2):271–9.PubMed
45.
go back to reference Kim H, Chan R, Dankort DL, Zuo D, Najoukas M, Park M, et al. The c-Src tyrosine kinase associates with the catalytic domain of ErbB-2: implications for ErbB-2 mediated signaling and transformation. Oncogene 2005;24 (51):7599–607.PubMedCrossRef Kim H, Chan R, Dankort DL, Zuo D, Najoukas M, Park M, et al. The c-Src tyrosine kinase associates with the catalytic domain of ErbB-2: implications for ErbB-2 mediated signaling and transformation. Oncogene 2005;24 (51):7599–607.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Lahlou H, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Zuo D, Cardiff RD, McLean GW, Frame MC, et al. Mammary epithelial-specific disruption of the focal adhesion kinase blocks mammary tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104 (51):20302–7.PubMedCrossRef Lahlou H, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Zuo D, Cardiff RD, McLean GW, Frame MC, et al. Mammary epithelial-specific disruption of the focal adhesion kinase blocks mammary tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104 (51):20302–7.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Hutchinson J, Jin J, Cardiff RD, Woodgett JR, Muller WJ. Activation of Akt (protein kinase B) in mammary epithelium provides a critical cell survival signal required for tumor progression. Mol Cell Biol 2001;21 (6):2203–12.PubMedCrossRef Hutchinson J, Jin J, Cardiff RD, Woodgett JR, Muller WJ. Activation of Akt (protein kinase B) in mammary epithelium provides a critical cell survival signal required for tumor progression. Mol Cell Biol 2001;21 (6):2203–12.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Hutchinson JN, Jin J, Cardiff RD, Woodgett JR, Muller WJ. Activation of Akt-1 (PKB-alpha) can accelerate ErbB-2-mediated mammary tumorigenesis but suppresses tumor invasion. Cancer Res 2004;64 (9):3171–8.PubMedCrossRef Hutchinson JN, Jin J, Cardiff RD, Woodgett JR, Muller WJ. Activation of Akt-1 (PKB-alpha) can accelerate ErbB-2-mediated mammary tumorigenesis but suppresses tumor invasion. Cancer Res 2004;64 (9):3171–8.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Irie HY, Pearline RV, Grueneberg D, Hsia M, Ravichandran P, Kothari N, et al. Distinct roles of Akt1 and Akt2 in regulating cell migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. J Cell Biol 2005;171 (6):1023–34.PubMedCrossRef Irie HY, Pearline RV, Grueneberg D, Hsia M, Ravichandran P, Kothari N, et al. Distinct roles of Akt1 and Akt2 in regulating cell migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. J Cell Biol 2005;171 (6):1023–34.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Maroulakou IG, Oemler W, Naber SP, Tsichlis PN. Akt1 ablation inhibits, whereas Akt2 ablation accelerates, the development of mammary adenocarcinomas in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-ErbB2/neu and MMTV-polyoma middle T transgenic mice. Cancer Res 2007;67 (1):167–77.PubMedCrossRef Maroulakou IG, Oemler W, Naber SP, Tsichlis PN. Akt1 ablation inhibits, whereas Akt2 ablation accelerates, the development of mammary adenocarcinomas in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-ErbB2/neu and MMTV-polyoma middle T transgenic mice. Cancer Res 2007;67 (1):167–77.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Ju X, Katiyar S, Wang C, Liu M, Jiao X, Li S, et al. Akt1 governs breast cancer progression in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104 (18):7438–43.PubMedCrossRef Ju X, Katiyar S, Wang C, Liu M, Jiao X, Li S, et al. Akt1 governs breast cancer progression in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104 (18):7438–43.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Pasquale EB. Eph-ephrin bidirectional signaling in physiology and disease. Cell 2008;133 (1):38–52.PubMedCrossRef Pasquale EB. Eph-ephrin bidirectional signaling in physiology and disease. Cell 2008;133 (1):38–52.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Brantley-Sieders DM, Zhuang G, Hicks D, Fang WB, Hwang Y, Cates JM, et al. The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 promotes mammary adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and metastatic progression in mice by amplifying ErbB2 signaling. J Clin Invest 2008;118 (1):64–78.PubMedCrossRef Brantley-Sieders DM, Zhuang G, Hicks D, Fang WB, Hwang Y, Cates JM, et al. The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 promotes mammary adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and metastatic progression in mice by amplifying ErbB2 signaling. J Clin Invest 2008;118 (1):64–78.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Daly RJ, Gu H, Parmar J, Malaney S, Lyons RJ, Kairouz R, et al. The docking protein Gab2 is overexpressed and estrogen regulated in human breast cancer. Oncogene 2002;21 (33):5175–81.PubMedCrossRef Daly RJ, Gu H, Parmar J, Malaney S, Lyons RJ, Kairouz R, et al. The docking protein Gab2 is overexpressed and estrogen regulated in human breast cancer. Oncogene 2002;21 (33):5175–81.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Bekri S, Adelaide J, Merscher S, Grosgeorge J, Caroli-Bosc F, Perucca-Lostanlen D, et al. Detailed map of a region commonly amplified at 11q13®q14 in human breast carcinoma. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1997;79 (1–2):125–31.PubMedCrossRef Bekri S, Adelaide J, Merscher S, Grosgeorge J, Caroli-Bosc F, Perucca-Lostanlen D, et al. Detailed map of a region commonly amplified at 11q13®q14 in human breast carcinoma. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1997;79 (1–2):125–31.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Ormandy CJ, Musgrove EA, Hui R, Daly RJ, Sutherland RL. Cyclin D1, EMS1 and 11q13 amplification in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003;78 (3):323–35.PubMedCrossRef Ormandy CJ, Musgrove EA, Hui R, Daly RJ, Sutherland RL. Cyclin D1, EMS1 and 11q13 amplification in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003;78 (3):323–35.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Ke Y, Wu D, Princen F, Nguyen T, Pang Y, Lesperance J, et al. Role of Gab2 in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncogene 2007;26 (34):4951–60.PubMedCrossRef Ke Y, Wu D, Princen F, Nguyen T, Pang Y, Lesperance J, et al. Role of Gab2 in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncogene 2007;26 (34):4951–60.PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Sakai R, Iwamatsu A, Hirano N, Ogawa S, Tanaka T, Mano H, et al. A novel signaling molecule, p130, forms stable complexes in vivo with v-Crk and v-Src in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner. Embo J 1994;13 (16):3748–56.PubMed Sakai R, Iwamatsu A, Hirano N, Ogawa S, Tanaka T, Mano H, et al. A novel signaling molecule, p130, forms stable complexes in vivo with v-Crk and v-Src in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner. Embo J 1994;13 (16):3748–56.PubMed
59.
go back to reference Cabodi S, Tinnirello A, Di Stefano P, Bisaro B, Ambrosino E, Castellano I, et al. p130Cas as a new regulator of mammary epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and HER2-neu oncogene-dependent breast tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2006;66 (9):4672–80.PubMedCrossRef Cabodi S, Tinnirello A, Di Stefano P, Bisaro B, Ambrosino E, Castellano I, et al. p130Cas as a new regulator of mammary epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and HER2-neu oncogene-dependent breast tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2006;66 (9):4672–80.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Webster MA, Hutchinson JN, Rauh MJ, Muthuswamy SK, Anton M, Tortorice CG, et al. Requirement for both Shc and phosphatidylinositol 3¢ kinase signaling pathways in polyomavirus middle T-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 1998;18 (4):2344–59.PubMed Webster MA, Hutchinson JN, Rauh MJ, Muthuswamy SK, Anton M, Tortorice CG, et al. Requirement for both Shc and phosphatidylinositol 3¢ kinase signaling pathways in polyomavirus middle T-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 1998;18 (4):2344–59.PubMed
61.
go back to reference Rauh MJ, Blackmore V, Andrechek ER, Tortorice CG, Daly R, Lai VK, et al. Accelerated mammary tumor development in mutant polyomavirus middle T transgenic mice expressing elevated levels of either the Shc or Grb2 adapter protein. Mol Cell Biol 1999;19 (12):8169–79.PubMed Rauh MJ, Blackmore V, Andrechek ER, Tortorice CG, Daly R, Lai VK, et al. Accelerated mammary tumor development in mutant polyomavirus middle T transgenic mice expressing elevated levels of either the Shc or Grb2 adapter protein. Mol Cell Biol 1999;19 (12):8169–79.PubMed
62.
go back to reference Cheng AM, Saxton TM, Sakai R, Kulkarni S, Mbamalu G, Vogel W, et al. Mammalian Grb2 regulates multiple steps in embryonic development and malignant transformation. Cell 1998;95 (6):793–803.PubMedCrossRef Cheng AM, Saxton TM, Sakai R, Kulkarni S, Mbamalu G, Vogel W, et al. Mammalian Grb2 regulates multiple steps in embryonic development and malignant transformation. Cell 1998;95 (6):793–803.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Ursini-Siegel J, Hardy WR, Zuo D, Lam SH, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Cardiff RD, et al. ShcA signalling is essential for tumour progression in mouse models of human breast cancer. Embo J 2008;27 (6):910–20.PubMedCrossRef Ursini-Siegel J, Hardy WR, Zuo D, Lam SH, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Cardiff RD, et al. ShcA signalling is essential for tumour progression in mouse models of human breast cancer. Embo J 2008;27 (6):910–20.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Dearth RK, Cui X, Kim HJ, Hadsell DL, Lee AV. Oncogenic transformation by the signaling adaptor proteins insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2. Cell Cycle 2007;6 (6):705–13.PubMed Dearth RK, Cui X, Kim HJ, Hadsell DL, Lee AV. Oncogenic transformation by the signaling adaptor proteins insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2. Cell Cycle 2007;6 (6):705–13.PubMed
65.
go back to reference Hartog H, Wesseling J, Boezen HM, van der Graaf WT. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in cancer: old focus, new future. Eur J Cancer 2007;43 (13):1895–904.PubMedCrossRef Hartog H, Wesseling J, Boezen HM, van der Graaf WT. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in cancer: old focus, new future. Eur J Cancer 2007;43 (13):1895–904.PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Ma Z, Gibson SL, Byrne MA, Zhang J, White MF, Shaw LM. Suppression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) promotes mammary tumor metastasis. Mol Cell Biol 2006;26 (24):9338–51.PubMedCrossRef Ma Z, Gibson SL, Byrne MA, Zhang J, White MF, Shaw LM. Suppression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) promotes mammary tumor metastasis. Mol Cell Biol 2006;26 (24):9338–51.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Nagle JA, Ma Z, Byrne MA, White MF, Shaw LM. Involvement of insulin receptor substrate 2 in mammary tumor metastasis. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24 (22):9726–35.PubMedCrossRef Nagle JA, Ma Z, Byrne MA, White MF, Shaw LM. Involvement of insulin receptor substrate 2 in mammary tumor metastasis. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24 (22):9726–35.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Mariotti A, Kedeshian PA, Dans M, Curatola AM, Gagnoux-Palacios L, Giancotti FG. EGF-R signaling through Fyn kinase disrupts the function of integrin alpha6beta4 at hemidesmosomes: role in epithelial cell migration and carcinoma invasion. J Cell Biol 2001;155 (3):447–58.PubMedCrossRef Mariotti A, Kedeshian PA, Dans M, Curatola AM, Gagnoux-Palacios L, Giancotti FG. EGF-R signaling through Fyn kinase disrupts the function of integrin alpha6beta4 at hemidesmosomes: role in epithelial cell migration and carcinoma invasion. J Cell Biol 2001;155 (3):447–58.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Morini M, Mottolese M, Ferrari N, Ghiorzo F, Buglioni S, Mortarini R, et al. The alpha 3 beta 1 integrin is associated with mammary carcinoma cell metastasis, invasion, and gelatinase B (MMP-9) activity. Int J Cancer 2000;87 (3):336–42.PubMedCrossRef Morini M, Mottolese M, Ferrari N, Ghiorzo F, Buglioni S, Mortarini R, et al. The alpha 3 beta 1 integrin is associated with mammary carcinoma cell metastasis, invasion, and gelatinase B (MMP-9) activity. Int J Cancer 2000;87 (3):336–42.PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Moro L, Venturino M, Bozzo C, Silengo L, Altruda F, Beguinot L, et al. Integrins induce activation of EGF receptor: role in MAP kinase induction and adhesion-dependent cell survival. Embo J 1998;17 (22):6622–32.PubMedCrossRef Moro L, Venturino M, Bozzo C, Silengo L, Altruda F, Beguinot L, et al. Integrins induce activation of EGF receptor: role in MAP kinase induction and adhesion-dependent cell survival. Embo J 1998;17 (22):6622–32.PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Weaver VM, Petersen OW, Wang F, Larabell CA, Briand P, Damsky C, et al. Reversion of the malignant phenotype of human breast cells in three-dimensional culture and in vivo by integrin blocking antibodies. J Cell Biol 1997;137 (1):231–45.PubMedCrossRef Weaver VM, Petersen OW, Wang F, Larabell CA, Briand P, Damsky C, et al. Reversion of the malignant phenotype of human breast cells in three-dimensional culture and in vivo by integrin blocking antibodies. J Cell Biol 1997;137 (1):231–45.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Adelsman MA, McCarthy JB, Shimizu Y. Stimulation of beta1-integrin function by epidermal growth factor and heregulin-beta has distinct requirements for erbB2 but a similar dependence on phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase. Mol Biol Cell 1999;10 (9):2861–78.PubMed Adelsman MA, McCarthy JB, Shimizu Y. Stimulation of beta1-integrin function by epidermal growth factor and heregulin-beta has distinct requirements for erbB2 but a similar dependence on phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase. Mol Biol Cell 1999;10 (9):2861–78.PubMed
73.
go back to reference Wang F, Hansen RK, Radisky D, Yoneda T, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Petersen OW, et al. Phenotypic reversion or death of cancer cells by altering signaling pathways in three-dimensional contexts. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94 (19):1494–503.PubMed Wang F, Hansen RK, Radisky D, Yoneda T, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Petersen OW, et al. Phenotypic reversion or death of cancer cells by altering signaling pathways in three-dimensional contexts. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94 (19):1494–503.PubMed
74.
go back to reference White DE, Kurpios NA, Zuo D, Hassell JA, Blaess S, Mueller U, et al. Targeted disruption of beta1-integrin in a transgenic mouse model of human breast cancer reveals an essential role in mammary tumor induction. Cancer Cell 2004;6 (2):159–70.PubMedCrossRef White DE, Kurpios NA, Zuo D, Hassell JA, Blaess S, Mueller U, et al. Targeted disruption of beta1-integrin in a transgenic mouse model of human breast cancer reveals an essential role in mammary tumor induction. Cancer Cell 2004;6 (2):159–70.PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Li N, Zhang Y, Naylor MJ, Schatzmann F, Maurer F, Wintermantel T, et al. Beta1 integrins regulate mammary gland proliferation and maintain the integrity of mammary alveoli. Embo J 2005;24 (11):1942–53.PubMedCrossRef Li N, Zhang Y, Naylor MJ, Schatzmann F, Maurer F, Wintermantel T, et al. Beta1 integrins regulate mammary gland proliferation and maintain the integrity of mammary alveoli. Embo J 2005;24 (11):1942–53.PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Aguirre Ghiso JA, Kovalski K, Ossowski L. Tumor dormancy induced by downregulation of urokinase receptor in human carcinoma involves integrin and MAPK signaling. J Cell Biol 1999;147 (1):89–104.PubMedCrossRef Aguirre Ghiso JA, Kovalski K, Ossowski L. Tumor dormancy induced by downregulation of urokinase receptor in human carcinoma involves integrin and MAPK signaling. J Cell Biol 1999;147 (1):89–104.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Aguirre Ghiso JA. Inhibition of FAK signaling activated by urokinase receptor induces dormancy in human carcinoma cells in vivo. Oncogene 2002;21 (16):2513–24.PubMedCrossRef Aguirre Ghiso JA. Inhibition of FAK signaling activated by urokinase receptor induces dormancy in human carcinoma cells in vivo. Oncogene 2002;21 (16):2513–24.PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Guo W, Pylayeva Y, Pepe A, Yoshioka T, Muller WJ, Inghirami G, et al. Beta 4 integrin amplifies ErbB2 signaling to promote mammary tumorigenesis. Cell 2006;126 (3):489–502.PubMedCrossRef Guo W, Pylayeva Y, Pepe A, Yoshioka T, Muller WJ, Inghirami G, et al. Beta 4 integrin amplifies ErbB2 signaling to promote mammary tumorigenesis. Cell 2006;126 (3):489–502.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Taverna D, Crowley D, Connolly M, Bronson RT, Hynes RO. A direct test of potential roles for beta3 and beta5 integrins in growth and metastasis of murine mammary carcinomas. Cancer Res 2005;65 (22):10324–9.PubMedCrossRef Taverna D, Crowley D, Connolly M, Bronson RT, Hynes RO. A direct test of potential roles for beta3 and beta5 integrins in growth and metastasis of murine mammary carcinomas. Cancer Res 2005;65 (22):10324–9.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Besson A, Dowdy SF, Roberts JM. CDK inhibitors: cell cycle regulators and beyond. Dev Cell 2008;14 (2):159–69.PubMedCrossRef Besson A, Dowdy SF, Roberts JM. CDK inhibitors: cell cycle regulators and beyond. Dev Cell 2008;14 (2):159–69.PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Wang TC, Cardiff RD, Zukerberg L, Lees E, Arnold A, Schmidt EV. Mammary hyperplasia and carcinoma in MMTV-cyclin D1 transgenic mice. Nature 1994;369 (6482):669–71.PubMedCrossRef Wang TC, Cardiff RD, Zukerberg L, Lees E, Arnold A, Schmidt EV. Mammary hyperplasia and carcinoma in MMTV-cyclin D1 transgenic mice. Nature 1994;369 (6482):669–71.PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Yu Q, Geng Y, Sicinski P. Specific protection against breast cancers by cyclin D1 ablation. Nature 2001;411 (6841):1017–21.PubMedCrossRef Yu Q, Geng Y, Sicinski P. Specific protection against breast cancers by cyclin D1 ablation. Nature 2001;411 (6841):1017–21.PubMedCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Landis MW, Pawlyk BS, Li T, Sicinski P, Hinds PW. Cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity in murine development and mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2006;9 (1):13–22.PubMedCrossRef Landis MW, Pawlyk BS, Li T, Sicinski P, Hinds PW. Cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity in murine development and mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2006;9 (1):13–22.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Cao Y, Bonizzi G, Seagroves TN, Greten FR, Johnson R, Schmidt EV, et al. IKKalpha provides an essential link between RANK signaling and cyclin D1 expression during mammary gland development. Cell 2001;107 (6):763–75.PubMedCrossRef Cao Y, Bonizzi G, Seagroves TN, Greten FR, Johnson R, Schmidt EV, et al. IKKalpha provides an essential link between RANK signaling and cyclin D1 expression during mammary gland development. Cell 2001;107 (6):763–75.PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Cao Y, Luo JL, Karin M. IkappaB kinase alpha kinase activity is required for self-renewal of ErbB2/Her2-transformed mammary tumor-initiating cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104 (40):15852–7.PubMedCrossRef Cao Y, Luo JL, Karin M. IkappaB kinase alpha kinase activity is required for self-renewal of ErbB2/Her2-transformed mammary tumor-initiating cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104 (40):15852–7.PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Sicinski P, Zacharek S, Kim C. Duality of p27Kip1 function in tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2007;21 (14):1703–6.PubMedCrossRef Sicinski P, Zacharek S, Kim C. Duality of p27Kip1 function in tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2007;21 (14):1703–6.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Hulit J, Lee RJ, Li Z, Wang C, Katiyar S, Yang J, et al. p27Kip1 repression of ErbB2-induced mammary tumor growth in transgenic mice involves Skp2 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Cancer Res 2006;66 (17):8529–41.PubMedCrossRef Hulit J, Lee RJ, Li Z, Wang C, Katiyar S, Yang J, et al. p27Kip1 repression of ErbB2-induced mammary tumor growth in transgenic mice involves Skp2 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Cancer Res 2006;66 (17):8529–41.PubMedCrossRef
89.
go back to reference Muraoka RS, Lenferink AE, Law B, Hamilton E, Brantley DM, Roebuck LR, et al. ErbB2/Neu-induced, cyclin D1-dependent transformation is accelerated in p27-haploinsufficient mammary epithelial cells but impaired in p27-null cells. Mol Cell Biol 2002;22 (7):2204–19.PubMedCrossRef Muraoka RS, Lenferink AE, Law B, Hamilton E, Brantley DM, Roebuck LR, et al. ErbB2/Neu-induced, cyclin D1-dependent transformation is accelerated in p27-haploinsufficient mammary epithelial cells but impaired in p27-null cells. Mol Cell Biol 2002;22 (7):2204–19.PubMedCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Besson A, Hwang HC, Cicero S, Donovan SL, Gurian-West M, Johnson D, et al. Discovery of an oncogenic activity in p27Kip1 that causes stem cell expansion and a multiple tumor phenotype. Genes Dev 2007;21 (14):1731–46.PubMedCrossRef Besson A, Hwang HC, Cicero S, Donovan SL, Gurian-West M, Johnson D, et al. Discovery of an oncogenic activity in p27Kip1 that causes stem cell expansion and a multiple tumor phenotype. Genes Dev 2007;21 (14):1731–46.PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference D’Amico M, Wu K, Di Vizio D, Reutens AT, Stahl M, Fu M, et al. The role of Ink4a/Arf in ErbB2 mammary gland tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2003;63 (12):3395–402.PubMed D’Amico M, Wu K, Di Vizio D, Reutens AT, Stahl M, Fu M, et al. The role of Ink4a/Arf in ErbB2 mammary gland tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2003;63 (12):3395–402.PubMed
92.
go back to reference Ma ZQ, Chua SS, DeMayo FJ, Tsai SY. Induction of mammary gland hyperplasia in transgenic mice over-expressing human Cdc25B. Oncogene 1999;18 (32):4564–76.PubMedCrossRef Ma ZQ, Chua SS, DeMayo FJ, Tsai SY. Induction of mammary gland hyperplasia in transgenic mice over-expressing human Cdc25B. Oncogene 1999;18 (32):4564–76.PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Yao Y, Slosberg ED, Wang L, Hibshoosh H, Zhang YJ, Xing WQ, et al. Increased susceptibility to carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in MMTV-Cdc25B transgenic mice. Oncogene 1999;18 (37):5159–66.PubMedCrossRef Yao Y, Slosberg ED, Wang L, Hibshoosh H, Zhang YJ, Xing WQ, et al. Increased susceptibility to carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in MMTV-Cdc25B transgenic mice. Oncogene 1999;18 (37):5159–66.PubMedCrossRef
94.
go back to reference Ray D, Terao Y, Nimbalkar D, Hirai H, Osmundson EC, Zou X, et al. Hemizygous disruption of Cdc25A inhibits cellular transformation and mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer Res 2007;67 (14):6605–11.PubMedCrossRef Ray D, Terao Y, Nimbalkar D, Hirai H, Osmundson EC, Zou X, et al. Hemizygous disruption of Cdc25A inhibits cellular transformation and mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer Res 2007;67 (14):6605–11.PubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Greenlee KJ, Werb Z, Kheradmand F. Matrix metalloproteinases in lung: multiple, multifarious, and multifaceted. Physiol Rev 2007;87 (1):69–98.PubMedCrossRef Greenlee KJ, Werb Z, Kheradmand F. Matrix metalloproteinases in lung: multiple, multifarious, and multifaceted. Physiol Rev 2007;87 (1):69–98.PubMedCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Egeblad M, Werb Z. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2 (3):161–74.PubMedCrossRef Egeblad M, Werb Z. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2 (3):161–74.PubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Ha HY, Moon HB, Nam MS, Lee JW, Ryoo ZY, Lee TH, et al. Overexpression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene induces mammary gland abnormalities and adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice. Cancer Res 2001;61 (3):984–90.PubMed Ha HY, Moon HB, Nam MS, Lee JW, Ryoo ZY, Lee TH, et al. Overexpression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene induces mammary gland abnormalities and adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice. Cancer Res 2001;61 (3):984–90.PubMed
98.
go back to reference Sternlicht MD, Lochter A, Sympson CJ, Huey B, Rougier JP, Gray JW, et al. The stromal proteinase MMP3/stromelysin-1 promotes mammary carcinogenesis. Cell 1999;98 (2):137–46.PubMedCrossRef Sternlicht MD, Lochter A, Sympson CJ, Huey B, Rougier JP, Gray JW, et al. The stromal proteinase MMP3/stromelysin-1 promotes mammary carcinogenesis. Cell 1999;98 (2):137–46.PubMedCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Sternlicht MD, Bissell MJ, Werb Z. The matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 acts as a natural mammary tumor promoter. Oncogene 2000;19 (8):1102–13.PubMedCrossRef Sternlicht MD, Bissell MJ, Werb Z. The matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 acts as a natural mammary tumor promoter. Oncogene 2000;19 (8):1102–13.PubMedCrossRef
100.
go back to reference Rudolph-Owen LA, Chan R, Muller WJ, Matrisian LM. The matrix metalloproteinase matrilysin influences early-stage mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 1998;58 (23):5500–6.PubMed Rudolph-Owen LA, Chan R, Muller WJ, Matrisian LM. The matrix metalloproteinase matrilysin influences early-stage mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 1998;58 (23):5500–6.PubMed
101.
go back to reference Szabova L, Chrysovergis K, Yamada SS, Holmbeck K. MT1-MMP is required for efficient tumor dissemination in experimental metastatic disease. Oncogene 2007;27 (23):3274–81.PubMedCrossRef Szabova L, Chrysovergis K, Yamada SS, Holmbeck K. MT1-MMP is required for efficient tumor dissemination in experimental metastatic disease. Oncogene 2007;27 (23):3274–81.PubMedCrossRef
102.
go back to reference Vasiljeva O, Papazoglou A, Kruger A, Brodoefel H, Korovin M, Deussing J, et al. Tumor cell-derived and macrophage-derived cathepsin B promotes progression and lung metastasis of mammary cancer. Cancer Res 2006;66 (10):5242–50.PubMedCrossRef Vasiljeva O, Papazoglou A, Kruger A, Brodoefel H, Korovin M, Deussing J, et al. Tumor cell-derived and macrophage-derived cathepsin B promotes progression and lung metastasis of mammary cancer. Cancer Res 2006;66 (10):5242–50.PubMedCrossRef
103.
go back to reference Poole AR, Tiltman KJ, Recklies AD, Stoker TA. Differences in secretion of the proteinase cathepsin B at the edges of human breast carcinomas and fibroadenomas. Nature 1978;273 (5663):545–7.PubMedCrossRef Poole AR, Tiltman KJ, Recklies AD, Stoker TA. Differences in secretion of the proteinase cathepsin B at the edges of human breast carcinomas and fibroadenomas. Nature 1978;273 (5663):545–7.PubMedCrossRef
104.
go back to reference Yamazaki M, Akahane T, Buck T, Yoshiji H, Gomez DE, Schoeffner DJ, et al. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of circulating TIMP-1 but not mammary TIMP-1 suppresses growth of mammary carcinomas in transgenic mice. Carcinogenesis 2004;25 (9):1735–46.PubMedCrossRef Yamazaki M, Akahane T, Buck T, Yoshiji H, Gomez DE, Schoeffner DJ, et al. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of circulating TIMP-1 but not mammary TIMP-1 suppresses growth of mammary carcinomas in transgenic mice. Carcinogenesis 2004;25 (9):1735–46.PubMedCrossRef
105.
go back to reference Sidenius N, Blasi F. The urokinase plasminogen activator system in cancer: recent advances and implication for prognosis and therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2003;22 (2–3):205–22.PubMedCrossRef Sidenius N, Blasi F. The urokinase plasminogen activator system in cancer: recent advances and implication for prognosis and therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2003;22 (2–3):205–22.PubMedCrossRef
106.
go back to reference Bugge TH, Lund LR, Kombrinck KK, Nielsen BS, Holmback K, Drew AF, et al. Reduced metastasis of polyoma virus middle T antigen-induced mammary cancer in plasminogen-deficient mice. Oncogene 1998;16 (24):3097–104.PubMedCrossRef Bugge TH, Lund LR, Kombrinck KK, Nielsen BS, Holmback K, Drew AF, et al. Reduced metastasis of polyoma virus middle T antigen-induced mammary cancer in plasminogen-deficient mice. Oncogene 1998;16 (24):3097–104.PubMedCrossRef
107.
go back to reference Almholt K, Lund LR, Rygaard J, Nielsen BS, Dano K, Romer J, et al. Reduced metastasis of transgenic mammary cancer in urokinase-deficient mice. Int J Cancer 2005;113 (4):525–32.PubMedCrossRef Almholt K, Lund LR, Rygaard J, Nielsen BS, Dano K, Romer J, et al. Reduced metastasis of transgenic mammary cancer in urokinase-deficient mice. Int J Cancer 2005;113 (4):525–32.PubMedCrossRef
108.
go back to reference Pierce DF Jr, Johnson MD, Matsui Y, Robinson SD, Gold LI, Purchio AF, et al. Inhibition of mammary duct development but not alveolar outgrowth during pregnancy in transgenic mice expressing active TGF-beta 1. Genes Dev 1993;7 (12A):2308–17.PubMedCrossRef Pierce DF Jr, Johnson MD, Matsui Y, Robinson SD, Gold LI, Purchio AF, et al. Inhibition of mammary duct development but not alveolar outgrowth during pregnancy in transgenic mice expressing active TGF-beta 1. Genes Dev 1993;7 (12A):2308–17.PubMedCrossRef
109.
go back to reference Pierce DF Jr, Gorska AE, Chytil A, Meise KS, Page DL, Coffey RJ Jr, et al. Mammary tumor suppression by transforming growth factor beta 1 transgene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92 (10):4254–8.PubMedCrossRef Pierce DF Jr, Gorska AE, Chytil A, Meise KS, Page DL, Coffey RJ Jr, et al. Mammary tumor suppression by transforming growth factor beta 1 transgene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92 (10):4254–8.PubMedCrossRef
110.
go back to reference Bottinger EP, Jakubczak JL, Haines DC, Bagnall K, Wakefield LM. Transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant type II transforming growth factor beta receptor show enhanced tumorigenesis in the mammary gland and lung in response to the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]-anthracene. Cancer Res 1997;57 (24):5564–70.PubMed Bottinger EP, Jakubczak JL, Haines DC, Bagnall K, Wakefield LM. Transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant type II transforming growth factor beta receptor show enhanced tumorigenesis in the mammary gland and lung in response to the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]-anthracene. Cancer Res 1997;57 (24):5564–70.PubMed
111.
go back to reference Gorska AE, Jensen RA, Shyr Y, Aakre ME, Bhowmick NA, Moses HL. Transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor exhibit impaired mammary development and enhanced mammary tumor formation. Am J Pathol 2003;163 (4):1539–49.PubMed Gorska AE, Jensen RA, Shyr Y, Aakre ME, Bhowmick NA, Moses HL. Transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor exhibit impaired mammary development and enhanced mammary tumor formation. Am J Pathol 2003;163 (4):1539–49.PubMed
112.
go back to reference Forrester E, Chytil A, Bierie B, Aakre M, Gorska AE, Sharif-Afshar AR, et al. Effect of conditional knockout of the type II TGF-beta receptor gene in mammary epithelia on mammary gland development and polyomavirus middle T antigen induced tumor formation and metastasis. Cancer Res 2005;65 (6):2296–302.PubMedCrossRef Forrester E, Chytil A, Bierie B, Aakre M, Gorska AE, Sharif-Afshar AR, et al. Effect of conditional knockout of the type II TGF-beta receptor gene in mammary epithelia on mammary gland development and polyomavirus middle T antigen induced tumor formation and metastasis. Cancer Res 2005;65 (6):2296–302.PubMedCrossRef
113.
go back to reference Siegel PM, Shu W, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ, Massague J. Transforming growth factor beta signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100 (14):8430–5.PubMedCrossRef Siegel PM, Shu W, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ, Massague J. Transforming growth factor beta signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100 (14):8430–5.PubMedCrossRef
114.
go back to reference Muraoka-Cook RS, Shin I, Yi JY, Easterly E, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Yingling JM, et al. Activated type I TGFbeta receptor kinase enhances the survival of mammary epithelial cells and accelerates tumor progression. Oncogene 2006;25 (24):3408–23.PubMedCrossRef Muraoka-Cook RS, Shin I, Yi JY, Easterly E, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Yingling JM, et al. Activated type I TGFbeta receptor kinase enhances the survival of mammary epithelial cells and accelerates tumor progression. Oncogene 2006;25 (24):3408–23.PubMedCrossRef
115.
go back to reference Muraoka RS, Koh Y, Roebuck LR, Sanders ME, Brantley-Sieders D, Gorska AE, et al. Increased malignancy of Neu-induced mammary tumors overexpressing active transforming growth factor beta1. Mol Cell Biol 2003;23 (23):8691–703.PubMedCrossRef Muraoka RS, Koh Y, Roebuck LR, Sanders ME, Brantley-Sieders D, Gorska AE, et al. Increased malignancy of Neu-induced mammary tumors overexpressing active transforming growth factor beta1. Mol Cell Biol 2003;23 (23):8691–703.PubMedCrossRef
116.
go back to reference Walker RA, Dearing SJ. Transforming growth factor beta 1 in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinomas of the breast. Eur J Cancer 1992;28 (2–3):641–4.PubMedCrossRef Walker RA, Dearing SJ. Transforming growth factor beta 1 in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinomas of the breast. Eur J Cancer 1992;28 (2–3):641–4.PubMedCrossRef
117.
go back to reference Gorsch SM, Memoli VA, Stukel TA, Gold LI, Arrick BA. Immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor beta 1 associates with disease progression in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52 (24):6949–52.PubMed Gorsch SM, Memoli VA, Stukel TA, Gold LI, Arrick BA. Immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor beta 1 associates with disease progression in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52 (24):6949–52.PubMed
118.
go back to reference Muraoka-Cook RS, Kurokawa H, Koh Y, Forbes JT, Roebuck LR, Barcellos-Hoff MH, et al. Conditional overexpression of active transforming growth factor beta1 in vivo accelerates metastases of transgenic mammary tumors. Cancer Res 2004;64 (24):9002–11.PubMedCrossRef Muraoka-Cook RS, Kurokawa H, Koh Y, Forbes JT, Roebuck LR, Barcellos-Hoff MH, et al. Conditional overexpression of active transforming growth factor beta1 in vivo accelerates metastases of transgenic mammary tumors. Cancer Res 2004;64 (24):9002–11.PubMedCrossRef
119.
go back to reference Coles C, Condie A, Chetty U, Steel CM, Evans HJ, Prosser J. p53 mutations in breast cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52 (19):5291–8.PubMed Coles C, Condie A, Chetty U, Steel CM, Evans HJ, Prosser J. p53 mutations in breast cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52 (19):5291–8.PubMed
120.
go back to reference Blackburn AC, Jerry DJ. Knockout and transgenic mice of Trp53: what have we learned about p53 in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2002;4 (3):101–11.PubMedCrossRef Blackburn AC, Jerry DJ. Knockout and transgenic mice of Trp53: what have we learned about p53 in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2002;4 (3):101–11.PubMedCrossRef
121.
go back to reference Li B, Rosen JM, McMenamin-Balano J, Muller WJ, Perkins AS. neu/ERBB2 cooperates with p53-172H during mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. Mol Cell Biol 1997;17 (6):3155–63.PubMed Li B, Rosen JM, McMenamin-Balano J, Muller WJ, Perkins AS. neu/ERBB2 cooperates with p53-172H during mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. Mol Cell Biol 1997;17 (6):3155–63.PubMed
122.
go back to reference Li G, Robinson GW, Lesche R, Martinez-Diaz H, Jiang Z, Rozengurt N, et al. Conditional loss of PTEN leads to precocious development and neoplasia in the mammary gland. Development 2002;129 (17):4159–70.PubMed Li G, Robinson GW, Lesche R, Martinez-Diaz H, Jiang Z, Rozengurt N, et al. Conditional loss of PTEN leads to precocious development and neoplasia in the mammary gland. Development 2002;129 (17):4159–70.PubMed
123.
go back to reference Dourdin N, Schade B, Lesurf R, Hallett M, Munn RJ, Cardiff RD, et al. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 deficiency accelerates tumor induction in a mouse model of ErbB-2 mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2008;68 (7):2122–31.PubMedCrossRef Dourdin N, Schade B, Lesurf R, Hallett M, Munn RJ, Cardiff RD, et al. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 deficiency accelerates tumor induction in a mouse model of ErbB-2 mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2008;68 (7):2122–31.PubMedCrossRef
124.
go back to reference Herschkowitz JI, Simin K, Weigman VJ, Mikaelian I, Usary J, Hu Z, et al. Identification of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors. Genome Biol 2007;8 (5):R76.PubMedCrossRef Herschkowitz JI, Simin K, Weigman VJ, Mikaelian I, Usary J, Hu Z, et al. Identification of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors. Genome Biol 2007;8 (5):R76.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Signal Transduction in Transgenic Mouse Models of Human Breast Cancer—Implications for Human Breast Cancer
Authors
Richard Marcotte
William J. Muller
Publication date
01-09-2008
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia / Issue 3/2008
Print ISSN: 1083-3021
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7039
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-008-9087-3

Other articles of this Issue 3/2008

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 3/2008 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine