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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia

Published in:

01-03-2008

Prolactin and Breast Cancer Etiology: An Epidemiologic Perspective

Authors: Shelley S. Tworoger, Susan E. Hankinson

Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia | Issue 1/2008

Abstract

A number of epidemiologic studies of prolactin and breast cancer etiology have recently become available. Retrospective case-control studies have suggested a modest positive or null relationship between circulating prolactin concentrations and risk of breast cancer. However these studies are limited by small sample sizes and the collection of blood after case diagnosis. Several large prospective studies, in which blood was collected prior to diagnosis, have observed modest positive associations between prolactin and risk. In a pooled analysis of ~80% of the world’s prospective data, the relative risk (RR) comparing women in the top vs bottom quartile of prolactin levels was 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 1.6, p-trend = 0.002). The results were similar for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Most notably, high prolactin levels were associated with a 60% increased risk of estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors, but not with ER negative tumors. Limited genetic data suggest a role of polymorphisms in the prolactin and prolactin receptor genes in risk of breast cancer. Studies of survival have suggested that high pretreatment prolactin levels were associated with treatment failure, earlier recurrence, and worse overall survival. Parity and certain medications are the only confirmed factors associated with prolactin levels in women. Overall, epidemiologic data suggest that prolactin is involved in breast cancer etiology. Further research to better elucidate these associations and their underlying mechanisms is warranted.

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Title: Prolactin and Breast Cancer Etiology: An Epidemiologic Perspective
Authors: Shelley S. Tworoger
Susan E. Hankinson
Publication date: 01-03-2008
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia / Issue 1/2008
Print ISSN: 1083-3021
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7039
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-008-9063-y

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